考博英语词汇语法常考知识点：现在完成时

考博英语词汇语法题常考知识点专项练习：现在完成时

全国各院校考博英语考试题型中词汇语法题也是大多院校所考察的，希赛网考博英语为广大考生们整理了一系列考博英语词汇语法题常考知识点专项练习供考生们复习参考。希望能为大家在考博中提供到帮助。

考博英语词汇语法题常考九大类知识点专项练习汇总

基本结构

(一)肯定式

主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它

说明：这里的have /has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：

1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)

2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。 (表示到目前为止还没有找到)

(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)

3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)

(二)否定式

主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它

说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例：

1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。

2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。

3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。

注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：

4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。

(三)一般疑问式

助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它 ?

说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语+have/has.否定回答用“No，主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No，not yet./No ，never./No，not even once.”等。实例：

1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?

—Yes ，I have .是的，我做过。

2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗?

—No，never.不，从来没有。

3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?

—Yes ，they have.是的，他们找到了。

注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly(几乎不)，never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗?

基本用法

1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already(已经) ，yet(还、已经) ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever(曾经) ，never(从不) ，before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：

1.already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：

1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。

(“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)

2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。

(洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)

注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例：

3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?

2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：

1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?

—No，not yet.不，还没有。

2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .

那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响)

3.just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。

4.ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?

2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。

5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

6.before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：

1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?

2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。

时态比较

一、现在完成时和一般过去时的比较

①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，

而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。

He locked the door. 他锁过门 (但现在门是开是锁不清楚。)

He has locked the door. 他把门锁上了。 (现在门是锁着的。)

Who turned on the light?

谁开的灯? (着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。)

Who has turned on the light?

谁把灯打开了? (着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。)

② 两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，

现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。

He has lived in Beijing for four years.

他在北京住了四年了。 (现在仍住那儿。)

He lived in Beijing for four years.

他曾在北京住了四年。 (现在不住那儿了。)

二、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别

在与表示一段时间的状语(for, since短语)连用时，两种时态可以互换使用

I have been studying English for over two years

= I have studying English for over two years

但在口语中倾向于用现在完成进行时。

在不用表示一段时间的状语的情况下，现在完成进行时和现在完成时不可以随便互换使用：

(1)现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，现在完成时往往没有。试比较：

They have been widening the road.(a) They have widened the road.(b)

(a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。

(2)在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。

而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：

The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行)学生们一直在准备考试。

The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)学生们为考试作了准备。

(3)有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：

They?ve known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。

(4) 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。

Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗?

Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗?

(5) 现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：

What have you been doing?(a) What have you done?(b)

(a)句表示惊异。(b)句只是一个问题。

I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。 (可能表示不满)

I have waited for you for two hours. 　我等了你两个小时。 (说明一个事实)

(6) 现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。

Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀? (还剩余一些)

Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了? (强调吃得一个不剩)

三、有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时

①表示状态的动词：be, have, exist等

②表示感情的动词：like, love等

③表示感觉的动词：see, hear, know等

He has had a cold for a week.

I have known Mr. Li since I was ten.

专项练习

单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

A. already B.never C.ever D. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______?

A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good

C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studying B. will ; study

C. has ; studied D. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go B. did they go

C. do they go D. have they gone

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well ?

— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

13、—How long have you ____ here ?

—About two months .

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun B. had begun

C. has been on D. began

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. is B. has C. will D. was

16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in B. have been to

C. have gone to D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?

A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they

19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes B. How often, got

C. How long, came D. How far, arrived

20、His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work

C. has lived there D. has left the university