2019年学位英语语法讲解（时态、语态、语气）

学位英语试题精讲：综合训练（时态、语态、语气）

1. I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I ___ him earlier.

A. had a telephone   B. have phoned   C. should have phoned    D. should be phoned

【答案】C。should（ought to）+have+过去分词：表示对过去动作的责备、批评。You should have gone over your lessons.你们应把功课复习好。You shouldn’t have watched TV last night.你们昨天晚上不应该看电视。

2. Don’t you think it is time you ___ smoking?

A. give up    B. gave up    C. would give up   D. should give up

【答案】B    It is time sb did sth：该是做某事的时候了，固定用法，句中的动词使用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示。

3. I would have joined him in a picnic, but I _____ his company.

 A. will not like   B. don’t like          C. had not liked     D. might not like

【答案】B本题的题干是一个表示虚拟的句子，但是后面的句子表示真实语气的。因此正确答案为B。本句的意思是：“我本来想参加他的野餐的，但是我不喜欢他的伙伴们。”        

4. I wish you ___ to me before you went and bought that car.

A. spoke    B. will speak    C. was going to speak    D. had spoken

【答案】D   句中before后面的动作时过去时态，表明已经发生了，故B错；因“我希望（I wish）”发生的动作应该发生在before从句中的动作之前，所以选过去完成时态，故D正确。“wish+宾语从句”表示与过去事实的虚拟：sb wish that … had done，表示“应该发生而实际没有发生的动作”。

5. ___the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.

A. If he took   B. If he should take    C. Were he to take   D. Had he taken

【答案】D 此句测试虚拟语气的用法。此句为和过去的事实相反的虚拟句，if省略，句子倒装。因此D最符合题意。本句的意思是：“如果他听了朋友们的劝告,他的生意就不会这么损失惨重。”

6. It’s vital that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.

 A. is     B. be    C must be     D. can be

【答案】B 此题考查虚拟语气的用法。形容词vital后面连接主语从句的时候要虚拟语气should+动词原形。因此B为正确答案。

7. I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ___ next month for a dinner.

A. come    B. would come   C. came   D. have come

【答案】C。would rather +句子（过去时）（虚拟语气）：I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.你最好别告诉任何人我所说的话。I’d rather you came with me. 你还是和我一起来吧。

8. I believe he ___ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.

A. would have had   B. could have had    C. should have had   D. must have had

【答案】D    主语+must+have+过去分词，表示对过去事实的推测。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我没有听见电话玲响，我肯定是睡着了。

9. It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.

A.will be arranged   B. must be arranged  C.  be arranged   D. would be arranged

【答案】C It is (was)＋adj形容词/过去分词＋that……结构中形容词后的主语从句用虚拟语气表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、迫切、重要等；should可省略。常用的形容词由natural, appropriate, advisable, preferable, better, necessary, important, imperative, urgent, essential, vital, probable, possible, compulsory, crucial, desirable等。

10. You have stayed at home for two days. It’s time you_____ for a walk.

A. go out    B. went out     C. will go out    D. would go out

【答案】B。虚拟语气。固定句型It’s time that+过去式。他说你在家呆了两天了，该是你出去散步了。

11. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ____ the same language?

A. spoke     B. speak    C. had spoken   D. will speak

【答案】A   do you think是主句，后面的部分是宾语从句，而宾语从句是一个包含if 条件状语从句的复合句；there would be判断, if从句中可以用一般过去时spoke，表示现在事实的虚拟。句意为; 你如果认为人们都说同样的语言，世界上就会少些冲突吗？

12. The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ___ an operation right away so as to save his life.

A. had    B. would have    C. have    D. was going to have

【答案】C     advise 后面的宾语从句中要求使用虚拟语气，动词用（should）+do形式。

13. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I ___it to you.”

A. will return    B. must return      C. could return    D. would have returned

【答案】D 此句测试虚拟语气的用法。因为题干中有句话had I seen your bag，表示和过去的事实相反的句子，if省略，因此D为正确答案。本句的意思是：玛丽对我说：如果我看见了你的书包，我会还给你的。

14. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth_____ well.

  A. would not grow   B. will not grow   C. had not grown   D. would not be grown

【答案】A  本题考查虚拟语气的用法。without引导含蓄的虚拟条件句,本句与现在的事实相反因此选A。又如：Without electricity，there would not be modern industry 如果没有电的话，就没有现代工业。

15. It is desirable that he ___.

A. gives up trying    B. give up trying   C. would give up trying   D. is going to give up trying

【答案】B。句型It is desirable （suggested，necessary，requested，ordered，proposed，important）+that+主语+should（可省略）+V（动词原形）。因此本句选B。如：It is strange that he（should）go himself.真奇怪，他怎么自己独自去呢？