2019年学位英语语法与词汇练习题（十三）

1、We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.

A. available

B. desirable

C. enormous

D. numerous

A)。考查形容词语义环境。四个选项的意思分别是：选项A)available现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的;选项B)desirable称心如意的，值得有的，如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable. 我很羡慕简，因为她有一份很称心的工作。选项C)enormous巨大的，极大的，庞大的;选项D)numerous许多的，很多的，如：This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts. 这是他从很多事实当中得出的结论。根据题干可判断出选项A)应为正确答案。全句的意思为“我们应清除厨房里的垃圾食品，而使各种高质量的食物随手可及”。

2、Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.

A. lessening

B. shortening

C. shrinking

D. withdrawing

C)。考查近义动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思及用法分别是：选项A) lessening减少，减轻，侧重指程度、重要性等的减轻。如：The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship. 此次失败使我们夺冠的希望变得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of减轻负担;选项B) shortening缩短，变短，如The days are beginning to shorten. 天开始变短了。shorten the gap between缩小……之间的差距;选项C) shrinking使收缩，缩小，减少，侧重指尺寸、大小等的变小。如：The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk. 听讲座的学生人数减少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes? 这种肥皂会使羊毛衣服缩水吗?选项D) withdrawing收回，撤退，撤销，如：After awhile, he withdrew his proposal. 过了一会儿，他撤回了他的提议。根据题意可判断出选项C)应为正确答案。全句意思是“面对通货膨胀和日益缩小的国际国内市场，许多公司都已宜布破产”。

3、In the New World as in Europe, each region developed its own _____ pattern of culture.

A. distant

B. distinct

C. distinctive

D. dismissed

C.

[知识点]形容词辨析。distinct“清楚的，清晰的;明显的，明确的;(～ from)种类不同的，分开的”;distinctive“特别的，有特色的”。

[译文]在新世界如同在欧洲一样，每一地区都形成了其自身的独具特色的文化模式。

4、A. who

B. whom

C. him

D. that

B。

[知识点]定语从句。本句中的引导词在从句中充当宾语，故用宾格whom。

[译文]在村子里有那么一个老头，我们谁都不喜欢他。

5、You should have put the milk in the ice-box; I expect it _____ undrinkable by now.

A. became

B. had become

C. has become

D. becomes

Best Answer: C

详解：答案为C。与by now, so far, tip to now这样的短语连用时，谓语动词用现在完成时。

6、The tendency to lie is perhaps _____ originally by imitations. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors.

A. taken to

B. taken over

C. taken in

D. taken up

Best Answer: D

详解：答案为D。

take to表示“喜爱”;take over表示“接管”;take in表示“欺骗”;take up表示“接受，形成”。

7、There were no tickets _____ for Friday's performance.

A. preferable

B. considerable

C. possible

D. available

Best Answer: D

详解：答案为D。词形辨析和句意搭配题。以"-able"或"-ible"结尾的形容词表示被动，意为“可……”或“值得……”的意思。preferable指“更可取的，更合意的”;considerable指“可观的，相当多的;值得考虑的”。possible指“可能的”。

8、Don't _____ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.

A. release

B. relieve

C. relate

D. retain

Best Answer: A

详解：答案为A。词形辨析题。release news指“泄露消息。”其余不构成搭配。relieve 指“减轻、缓解”。relate指“叙述、连接”;retain指“保留、维持”。

9、The actual _____ by which coal is extracted is well worth watching.

A. process

B. procession

C. pattern

D. conduct

Best Answer: A

详解：答案为A。process表示“步骤，程度，制作方法”;procession表示“行进的队伍”;pattern表示“模式，方式”;conduct表示“行为，方式”。

10、As a _____ president, his views are treated with respect when he is interviewed

A. prior

B. previous

C. late

D. former

Best Answer: D

详解：答案为D。词义辨析题。former指“前任的，前一个”，表示顺序上的前一个;prior指“较早的”，“优先的”是比较级形式，常和to连用，previous指“先前的，上文的”，表明时间和方位上的先后。late指“迟的，晚期的”，强调时间上的先后。

11、The current political _____ of our country is favorable for foreign investments.

A. climate

B. weather

C. temperature

D. state

查看/隐藏答案

Best Answer: A

详解：应选A项。climate(可数名词)意为“(一个地区或一个时期总的)气候”;weather意为“(指每日每时的晴阴，温度)天气”;state意为“状况，状态”。

12、The angry teacher gave the order that nobody _____ the classroom before twelve.

A. would leave

B. left

C. had left

D. leave

查看/隐藏答案

Best Answer: D

详解：应选D项。that引导order(命令)的同位语从句，从句用(should)do表示虚拟语气。

13、Are there any other factors that might affect the development of a child _____ education and innate inability?

A. apart from

B. away from

C. far from

D. but for

Best Answer: A

详解：应选A项。

apart from 除……之外，away from 远离，far from 远非，but for 要不是。

句意为：除了教育和先天的不足，还有什么其他因素会影响一个孩子的发展?

14、er humorous remarks seemed _____, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.

A. precise

B. blank

C. spontaneous

D. bold

Best Answer: C

详解：应选C项。spontaneous 自发的;自然产生的，precise 精确的;准确的，blank 空白的;空着的，bold 大胆的。

句意为：她的幽默的评论看起来好像很自然，但是实际上是事先认真准备好的。

15、_____ the financial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator.

A. He was deprived of

B. Deprived of

C. That he was deprived of

D. Although he was deprived of

Best Answer: B

详解：应选B项。过去分词表原因作状语，句意为：失去了保持独立经济来源，爱迪生不得不当夜间电报员。

16、The firm will have to step _____ production if it is to defeat its competitors.

A. off

B. in

C. out

D. up

Best Answer: D

详解：应选D项。step up意为“提高，加快”;step off意为“开步走，步量(距离)”;step in意为“介入，干涉;参加进来(帮忙)”;step out意为“走出去”。

17、After writing poetry unsuccessfully for several years, he was not certain whether to quit or _____ with his art.

A. if he should continue

B. he should continue

C. to be continued

D. to continue

Best Answer: D

详解：应选D项。to continue与to quit并列。

18、They have made a _____ plan to build a suspension bridge over the river.

A. bald

B. bound

C. bold

D. bare

Best Answer: C

详解：应选C项。

bold大胆的，bald光秃的，bound被束缚了的，bare赤裸的;无遮盖的。

句意为：他们已做出了一个大胆的计划要在这条河上建一所吊桥。

19、In the 1850's Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" became the best seller of the generation, _____ a host of imitators.

A. inspiring

B. inspired

C. inspired by

D. to inspire

Best Answer: A

详解：应选A项。分词短语做状语。句意为：19世纪50年代，斯托的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》成为30年来的畅销书，因而激起了一大群伪造者。

20、Jane's _____ for gardening is evident by all of these beautiful flowers.

A. acquaintance

B. familiarity

C. achievement

D. enthusiasm

Best Answer: D

详解：应选D项。

enthusiasm热衷，狂热，acquaintance相识，familiarity熟悉，achievement成就，功绩。

句意为：从这些漂亮的花可以明显看出简对园艺的热衷。

21、Reading is to the mind _____ food is to the body.

A. what

B. that

C. similar

D. which

Best Answer: A

详解：应选A项。

what是关系代词，A is to B what C is to D，A对于B之间的关系犹如C对于D。

句意为：读书对于大脑来说就像食物对于身体一样。

22、I would never have encouraged you to go into this field _____ it would be so hard for you.

A. had I known

B. and I had known

C. should I know

D. but I knew

Best Answer: A

详解：应选A项。

此句为虚拟语气，如果条件从句中包含有一个助动词，可把if省略，这时助动词应放在主语前面。

句意为：要是我知道这件事情对你如此之难，我就不会鼓励你进入这个领域。

23、Are there any other factors that might affect the development of a child ______ education and innate inability?

A. apart from

B. away from

C. far from D. but for

Best Answer: A

详解：应选A项。

apart from除……之外，away from远离，far from 远非，but for要不是。

句意为：除了教育和先天的不足，还有什么其他因素会影响一个孩子的发展?

24、We drive our car fast and soon _____ other cars on the road.

A. oversee

B. overtake

C. overrun

D. override

Best Answer: B

详解：

【译文】我们开得很快，一会儿就超越了公路上的其他汽车。

【注释】overtake“追上，赶上，超过”。oversee“俯瞰;监督，监视”。overrun“溢出;(侵略军)横行于”。override“奔越过，践踏过;制服，压倒”。

25、Professor Black and professor Smith will _____ in giving the class lectures.

A. alter

B. change

C. alternate

D. differ

BestAnswer:C

详解：答案为C。alternate指“交替”;alter指“改变”。

26、The time has come _____ we make extensive use of nuclear energy.

A. When

B. while

C. as

D. since

Best Answer: A

详解：答案为A。when引导的定语从句修饰time，有时为了使句子平衡，也就是使主语不必过长，而把定语从句或同位语从句后置于谓语之后。如：The news came that our team won the match.

27、Do you know the name of that _____ insect?

A. funny, little, red, mosquito-like

B. little, funny, mosquito-like, red

C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like

D. mosquito-like, red, little, funny

Best Answer: A

详解：答案为A。本题考核修饰语的排列顺序：限定词—数词—一般描绘性形容词—表示大小、形状的形容词—表示年龄、新旧的形容词—表示色彩的形容词—表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词—表示物质、材料的形容词—表示用途、类别的形容词—被修饰名词。了解个大概顺序，如果记不得，只有读几遍凭语感来选择。

28、Human beings are superior to animals _____ they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A. for which

B. in which

C. in that

D. for that

Best Answer: C

详解：答案为C。in that表示“因为，既然”

29、The city government has determined to get _____ with people who try to escape paying taxes.

A. rough

B. tough

C. rigid

D. bold

B)。考查形容词语义及搭配。能与介词with搭配的只有选项B)tough，get tough with/on sb.意为“对……采取坚决态度;对……采用强硬手段”。其余选项的意思分别是：选项A)rough意为“粗糙的;粗野的，粗暴的;粗略的，大致的”;选项C)rigid(行为观点等)严格的，死板的，不易改变的;选项D)bold意为“勇敢的，无畏的;冒失的，鲁莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部门决心采取强硬手段来惩治偷税人员”。

30、Some concepts may be difficult to grasp chiefly because they may be unfamiliar or _____ ideas, opinions which we already hold.

A. in accordance with

B. in conflict with

C. in favor of

D. in response to

B)。考查介词短语的语义。四个选项的意思分别是：选项A)in accordance with依照，根据;选项B)in conflict with与……相冲突;选项C)in favor of支持，赞同;选项D)in response to作为对……的反应。根据题意可判断出选项B)为正确答案。全句的意思为“一些观念很难让人领会主要是因为我们对其不熟悉或者是因为与我们原有的观点相矛盾”。

31、The purpose of your resume is to _____ enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview.

A. assemble

B. generate

C. yield

D. gather

B)。考查动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思分别是：选项A)assemble意为“集合，聚集，召集;装配”，如：The whole school assembled in the main hall.全校学生在大礼堂集合。Before you assemble the model plane, read the instructions.在你组装模型飞机前，先读说明书。选项B)generate意为“生成，产生(光、热、电等);引起(兴趣等)”，如：News of the Queen's visit is generating a lot of excitement.女皇来访的消息使大家感到非常兴奋。选项C)yield意为“生产，产生(利润、回报等);投降，屈服”，如：His business yields big profits.他的生意利润丰厚。选项D)gather意为“聚集，集合;收集，采集”，如：Many people gathered in the town square.很多人聚集在市政广场。该题需注意选项B)和选项C)在搭配上的区别。根据题意，选项B)应为正确答案。全句意思为是“简历就是要充分引起雇主对你的兴趣，并达到进一步联系面试的目的”。

32、We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.

A. available

B. desirable

C. enormous

D. numerous

A)。考查形容词语义环境。四个选项的意思分别是：选项A)available现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的;选项B)desirable称心如意的，值得有的，如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable.我很羡慕简，因为她有一份很称心的工作。选项C)enormous巨大的，极大的，庞大的;选项D)numerous许多的，很多的，如：This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts.这是他从很多事实当中得出的结论。根据题干可判断出选项A)应为正确答案。全句的意思为“我们应清除厨房里的垃圾食品，而使各种高质量的食物随手可及”。

33、Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.

A. lessening

B. shortening

C. shrinking

D. withdrawing

C)。考查近义动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思及用法分别是：选项A)lessening减少，减轻，侧重指程度、重要性等的减轻。如：The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship.此次失败使我们夺冠的希望变得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of减轻负担;选项B)shortening缩短，变短，如The days are beginning to shorten.天开始变短了。shorten the gap between缩小……之间的差距;选项C)shrinking使收缩，缩小，减少，侧重指尺寸、大小等的变小。如：The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk.听讲座的学生人数减少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes?这种肥皂会使羊毛衣服缩水吗?选项D) withdrawing收回，撤退，撤销，如：After awhile, he withdrew his proposal.过了一会儿，他撤回了他的提议。根据题意可判断出选项C)应为正确答案。全句意思是“面对通货膨胀和日益缩小的国际国内市场，许多公司都已宜布破产”。

34、Last night he saw two dark _____ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A) features

B) figures

C) sketches

D) images

[答案] B

[译文] 昨天晚上他看见两个黑影进了大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。

[解析] Feature 表示“特征，特点”;sketch的意思是“素描，梗概，草图”;image表示“形象”;而figure表示“外形，轮廓，体型”，符合上下文。

35、It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without _____.

A) exception

B) exclusion

C) modification

D) substitution

[答案] A

[译文] 很明显，这条规定适用于任何人，没有例外。

[解析] Without exception为固定搭配，表示“毫无例外，无一例外”。Exclusion表示“排除，排外”;modification的意思是“更改，修正”;substitution表示“替代”。

36、Last night he saw two dark _____ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A. features

B. figures

C. sketches

D. images

[答案] B

[译文] 昨天晚上他看见两个黑影进了大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。

[解析] Feature表示“特征，特点”;sketch的意思是“素描，梗概，草图”;image表示“形象”;而figure表示“外形，轮廓，体型”，符合上下文。

37、Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.

A. lessening

B. shortening

C. shrinking

D. withdrawing

[答案] C。

考查近义动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思及用法分别是：选项Alessening减少，减轻，侧重指程度、重要性等的减轻。如：The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship. 此次失败使我们夺冠的希望变得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of减轻负担;选项Bshortening缩短，变短，如The days are beginning to shorten.天开始变短了。shorten the gap between缩小……之间的差距;选项Cshrinking使收缩，缩小，减少，侧重指尺寸、大小等的变小。如：The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk.听讲座的学生人数减少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes?这种肥皂会使羊毛衣服缩水吗?选项D withdrawing收回，撤退，撤销，如：After awhile, he withdrew his proposal.过了一会儿，他撤回了他的提议。根据题意可判断出选项C应为正确答案。全句意思是“面对通货膨胀和日益缩小的国际国内市场，许多公司都已宜布破产”。

38、We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.

A. available

B. desirable

C. enormous

D. numerous

[答案] A。

考查形容词语义环境。四个选项的意思分别是：选项Aavailable现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的;选项Bdesirable称心如意的，值得有的，如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable.我很羡慕简，因为她有一份很称心的工作。选项Cenormous巨大的，极大的，庞大的;选项Dnumerous许多的，很多的，如：This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts.这是他从很多事实当中得出的结论。根据题干可判断出选项A应为正确答案。全句的意思为“我们应清除厨房里的垃圾食品，而使各种高质量的食物随手可及”。

39、The purpose of your resume is to _____ enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview.

A. assemble

B. generate

C. yield

D. gather

[答案] B。

考查动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思分别是：选项Aassemble意为“集合，聚集，召集;装配”，如：The whole school assembled in the main hall.全校学生在大礼堂集合。Before you assemble the model plane, read the instructions.在你组装模型飞机前，先读说明书。选项Bgenerate意为“生成，产生光、热、电等;引起兴趣等”，如：News of the Queen's visit is generating a lot of excitement.女皇来访的消息使大家感到非常兴奋。选项Cyield意为“生产，产生利润、回报等;投降，屈服”，如：His business yields big profits.他的生意利润丰厚。选项Dgather意为“聚集，集合;收集，采集”，如：Many people gathered in the town square.很多人聚集在市政广场。该题需注意选项B和选项C在搭配上的区别。根据题意，选项B应为正确答案。全句意思为是“简历就是要充分引起雇主对你的兴趣，并达到进一步联系面试的目的”。

40、They are going to have the serviceman _____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

A. install

B. to install

C. to be installed

D. installed

[译文] 他们准备让勤杂工明天在办公室安装一台电扇。

答案为A. 本题是一道语法测试题。我们知道使役动词，have、let、make后面的动词不定式作宾语时，应省略to，本句由应有have sb. do sth. 故我们选A)项。