学位英语语法知识点归纳：虚拟语气

动词虚拟语气的用法、比较等级形式及其示例：

I.要点

表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

1、虚拟语气的构成

情景条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词

与现在事实相反动词过去式(be要用were)should

+动词原形

would

与过去事实相反had+过去分词should

+have+过去分词

would

与将来事实相反1、动词过去时

2、should+动词原形

3、were to+动词原形should

+动词原形

would

注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如：

Had you(If you had)invited us,we would have come to your party.

2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省)+动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。

句型一：It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that…

句型二：It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc)that…

句型三：It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that…

如：It is strange that he(should)have done that.

It is a pity that he(should)be so careless.

It is requested that we(should)be so careless.

(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

I suggest that we(should)go swimming.

(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we(should)leave at once.

(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

We received order that the work be done at once.

(5)在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或

"should+动词原形",should不可省。如：It's time(that)we went(should go)to school.

II.例题

例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

解析：该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气

例2"Mary wants to see you today".

"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

A comes B came C should come D will come

解析：该题正确答案为B。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。www.examw.com

例3 Had she been older,she ____ it better.

A had done B might have done C might do D would do

解析：Had she been older=If she had been old.故该题正确答案为B。