2011年全国医学考博英语统一考试真题05

希赛网英语频道为大家整理2011年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题。

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Three

Here5 s yet another reason to lose weight. Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people.That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers. In the U. S. , car manufacturers have already had to redesign airB bags so they inflate to lower pressures making them less of a danger to smaller women and children. But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.

A study carried out in Seattle, Washington, looked at more than 26 000 people who had been involved in car crashes, and found that heavier people were at far more risk. People weighing between 100 and 119 kilograms are almost two-and-a-half times as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than 60 kilograms. And importantly, the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index （BMl）—a measure that takes height as well as weight into account. Someone 1.8 meters tall weighing 126 kilograms would have a BMI of 39, but so would a person 1.5 meters tall weighing 88 kilograms. People are said to

be obese if their BMI is 30 or over.

The study found that people with a BMI of 35 to 39 are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMis of about 20. It’s not just total weight, but obesity itself that’s dangerous. While they do not yet know why this is the case, the evidence is worth pursuing, says Charles Mock, a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle, who led the research team. He thinks one answer may be for safety authorities to use heavier crash-test dummies when certifying cars as safe to drive. Crash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about 78 kilograms.

Recently, smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars. But larger and heavier dummies aren51 used, the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in Washington DC told New Scientist.The reasons for the higher injury and death rates are far from clear Mock speculates that car interiors might not be suitably designed for heavy people. Or obese people, with health problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes, could be finding it tougher to recover from injury.

71. When they redesigned air bags to hold less pressure, the American car manufacturers .

A. found it hard to set standards without the definition of obesity

B.incidentally brought about extra risks to obese passengers

C. based their job on the information of car accidents

D. actually neglected smaller women and children

72. When they categorized the obese people, the researchers .

A. showed a preference for BMI in measurements

B. achieved almost the same results as previously

C. found the units of kilogram more applicable than BMI

D. were shocked to know the number of obese people killed in car crashes

73. To address the problem, Mock .

A. suggested that the safety authorities use heavier crash-test dummies

B. cried for the standardization of crash-test dummies

C. reduced the weights of crash-test dummies

D. encouraged obese people to lose weight

74. While exploring the reason for the higher injury and death rates, Mock would most probably say that .

A. cars can be made safer to avoid crashes

B.it is wise for obese people not to drive drunk

C. it is not just total weight, but obesity itself that is dangerous

D. the main reason behind the problem is drinkers’ heavy weight

75. Which of the following questions is closely related to the passage?

A. Are air bags really necessary to be built in cars?

B.Are cars certified as safe to drive?

C. Are crash-test dummies too thin?

D. Are car accidents preventable?

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