2012年全国医学考博英语统一考试真题07

希赛网英语频道为大家整理2012年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题。

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Four

Science and politics make uncomfortable bedfellows. Rarely is this more true than in the case of climate change, where it is now time for emergency counseling. One point repeatedly made at last week5 s climate change congress in Copenhagen was that formulating an action plan to curb climate change is not

a job of scientists. Politicians may be left scratching their heads over what to do, but at this stage climate scientists cannot provide more guidance than they did in the 2007 report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, for two reasons.

First, models will never provide a straightforward prediction of how the climate will change. As one Copenhagen delegate put it： “Tell me what the stock market will do in 100 years and I will tell you what the climate will do. ” Second as most climate scientists will agree, their role is not to formulate policy. They can provide more or less apocalyptic （大灾预测j 的）scenarios of what will happen if emissions hit certain thresholds, from burning forests to disappearing islands. But when politicians ask what is the absolute maximum amount of carbon dioxide we should allow to be pumped out, the answer is, invariably, how

much risk do you want to take?

There are ways out of the deadlock. As the major climate negotiations in December approach, scientists need to be able to take off their labcoats sometimes and speak as concerned citizens. Some may feel uncomfortable with blurring the line between science and activism, but they should be aware that no one understands the risks better than they do and no one is better placed to give informed opinions. Politicians, for their part, should stop begging climatologists for easy answers. What they need instead is a new breed of advisers to descend from the ivory towers of academia and join the climate fray—people who are willing and able to weight up the risks, costs and benefits of various degrees of action. If all else fails, there may still be the safety net of geoengineering. As we have said on several occasions ,this option can no longer be dismissed as fantasy. Reputable scientists are discussing options among themselves and with policy-makers, but the fact that we are even considering it should spur governments to cut emissions, cut them deeply and cut them fast. Geoengineering is no get-out-of-jail-free card； it has dangers of its own. The military are already taking an interest, raising the spectra of climate weapons able to divert rainfall and bring drought. That is the last thing we want.

76. In the case global warning, scientists .

A. tend to be more conservative than politicians

B.are in no position to offer a definite answer

C. never trust politicians as in other cases

D. fee, incapable more than ever before

77. Speaking of climate change, politicians .

A. don’t like it when scientists are indirect

B.never see eye to eye with scientists there

C. seldom want to play the game with scientists

D. are left puzzled over the formulation of policy

78. To bridge the gap between the two sides, according to the passage, scientists are supposed to .

A. act with more concern and enthusiasm

B.discard their prejudice towards politicians

C. be definite enough to offer informed opinions

D. do as concerned citizens do in protecting environment

79. For their part, politicians ought to be reasonable and .

A. pick up the right scientists for informed opinions

B.place policy and decision in the hands of scientists

C. receive reeducation in the ivory towers of academia

D. choose those who can provide a straightforward prediction

80. The author reminds those who are talking about geoengineering of .

A. the other alternatives in the matter

B.the climate weapon as a double-edged sword

C. the dangers of the fantasy among the reputable scientists

D. the urgency of emission reduction on the part of governments

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