全国医学考博英语统考必背作文范文（六）

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老年性痴呆症，

最常见的为阿尔茨海默病 （Alzheimer'sdisease, AD） 。

被称为世界上当前的“流行病”之一。

我国已进入老龄化社会，

有一个问题不容忽视，

即老龄化趋势让老年性痴呆患者数量增多。

New research suggests that a brain protein that has changed form may be the cause of brain disorders - including Alzheimer's Disease. Researchers say they have developed a treatment that may cause the protein to return to its original form, preventing the disease from developing or reversing the effects of the damage in people who already suffer from Alzheimer's.

Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center inBoston, Massachusetts, found that the shape of the protein -- which is called "tau" -- is changed by severe injuries to the brain. The scientists say when people are hit in the head many times, they develop a condition calledchronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE.

CTE develops in soldiers with head injuries. People who play American football also suffer from CTE after being hit in the head many times. The memory, judgment and ability to function are affected in people with CTE.

Alvaro Pascual-Leone is a neurologist -- a brain scientist. He was one of the researchers who discovered the effect of brain injuries on the "tau" protein.

"We know that the tau plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease. And so it is possible that also there, in the absence of traumatic brain injury, one might be able to protect the brain from the damage in the progression of the disease."

The researchers recently published an article about their findings in the journal Nature. Mr. Pascual-Leone and his colleagues reported that they had developed a treatment that returns the damaged tau to its original, undamaged form. He says it might be possible to use the treatment to stop the development of Alzheimer's Disease. And he suggests it could also slow the loss of brain function in people who already have the disease.

"If we were able to slow down the progression or to modify the course of the disease, it would have a big impact on the well-being of the patients and their families."

Scientists discovered the tau in mice that suffered brain injuries began changing form in as little as 12 hours after the mice were hit in the head.

Researchers hope to develop a blood test or use machines that can see into the brain to help them identify changed tau. Early identification of the problem in people with brain injury could help doctors treat them quickly and stop the tau from changing.

New words

1. Disorder [dɪsˈɔ:də（r）] n.（身心机能的）失调; vt. 使混乱; 使（身心等）失调;

2. Alzheimer's Disease [ˈæltshaɪməz dɪzi:z] 阿尔茨海默氏病

3. reverse [rɪˈvɜ:s] vt.& vi.（使）反转

4. Boston ['bɒstən]波士顿（美国马萨诸塞州首府）;

5. Massachusetts [ˌmæsə'tʃu:sɪts] 马萨诸塞州（位于美国东北，是新英格兰地区的一部分。在中文中，通常简称”麻省”）

6. chronic traumatic encephalopathy [enˌsefəˈlɒpəθi]慢性创伤脑部病变

7. judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n. 判断，鉴定; 辨别力

8. neurologist [njʊəˈrɒlədʒɪst]n. <医>神经病学家

9. Nature：《自然》杂志于1869年在英国创立，在学术界享有盛誉，常与美国《科学》杂志并称为世界两大顶级学术刊物。自创刊以来，它始终如一地报道自然科学领域中的一些最重要的发现，直到今天（截至2012年）它仍然是世界上影响因子较高的科学期刊。

10. modify [ˈmɒdɪfaɪ] vi. 被修饰; 修改

11. identification [aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]n. 鉴定，识别

New Phrases

suffer from 患病，遭受痛苦

play a key role 起关键作用

in the absence of 缺乏，不存在

in the progression of 在进展中

slow down放慢速度;使……慢下来;使放松下来

Translation

新的研究表明，一种改变形态的脑蛋白可能是导致老年痴呆症等脑部疾病的原因，研究者称已开发出一种可能让这种蛋白质回到原来形态的疗法，从而预防疾病进一步发展，或逆转已经患有老年痴呆症者所受的影响。

马萨诸塞州波士顿市贝丝·以色列·迪肯尼斯医疗中心的研究者发现，这种名叫tau的蛋白质的形状会被大脑中的严重损伤所改变。科学家称当人头部多次受到撞击时，他们就患上所谓慢性创伤性脑病（CTE）。

头部受伤的士兵也会患上CTE，美式足球运动员也会在头部多次受到撞击后患上CTE，CTE患者的记忆力、判断力和功能性能力都会受到影响。

阿尔瓦罗·帕斯夸尔利昂是一位神经学家，也就是脑科学家，他是发现脑损伤对tau蛋白质影响的研究者之一。

“我们知道tau蛋白质在老年痴呆症中发挥关键作用，所以有这种可能，在不存在创伤性脑损伤的情况下，它可能保护大脑免受疾病发展的损害。”

研究者们最近在《自然》期刊上发表了有关该发现的论文，帕斯夸尔利昂和他的同事们报告称，他们已经开发出一种将受损tau蛋白质恢复到初始、未受损状态的疗法。他说这种疗法可用来阻止老年痴呆症的发展，可能还能让已经患有老年痴呆症者大脑功能损失过程放缓。

“如果我们能放缓这一过程，或者调整疾病发展的方向，那么这种疗法可能会对患者及其家属的福祉产生很大影响。”

科学家发现患有脑部损伤小白鼠的tau蛋白质在其脑部受撞击的12小时候开始发生形态改变。

研究者希望开发出一种血液测试，或使用能看到大脑内部的仪器来帮助他们找到已改变的tau蛋白质，及早发现脑损伤者的病症就可以帮助医生们快速治疗病阻止tau发生形态改变。