考博英语长难句之方式状语从句

考博英语长难句方式状语从句

1.定义

方式状语从句(adverbial clause of manner)，属于状语从句中的一种。指在句中用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式。

二、分类

方式状语从句的引导词主要有：

① as，表示“像……一样”，通常位于主句之后，也可放在句首。

例如：You must try to hold the tool as I do.

你必须像我这样拿工具。

As is known to all, gunpowder was first invented in China.

众所周知，火药首先是在中国发明的。

② (just) as…so…表示“像……一样”，通常位于主句之后。

例如：We can’t live without air, just as fish can’t live without water.

我们没有空气不能生存，就像鱼没有水不能生存一样。

² 但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体。

例如：Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

③ as if/though表示“好像……”“似乎……”“仿佛……”

² as if/though两者用法相同，表示所说的情况是事实或者实现的可能性较大，用陈述语气。

例如：The boss speaks aloud as if/though he is angry.

老板大声说着话像是生气了。

² as if/though两者用法相同，表示所说的情况是事实或者实现不符合，用虚拟语气。

例如：They completely ignore these facts as if / though they never existed.

他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。

² as if/though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语、形容词或介词短语。

例如：He cleared his throat as if to say something.

他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.

他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

2.考博真题

I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate writers [that, without any malice, have sacrificed the reputation of their friends and acquaintance to a certain levity of temper, and a silly ambition of distinguishing themselves by a spirit of raillery and satire, (as if it were not infinitely more honorable to be a good-natured man than a wit.)] (中国社科院2015年阅读)

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

主句：I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate writers

【译文】我确实听说过一些粗心大意的作家

分句一：that, without any malice, have sacrificed the reputation of their friends…

类型：定语从句;引导词：that

分句二：as if it were not infinitely more honorable to be a good-natured man than a wit.

类型：方式状语从句;引导词：as if

【译文】好像做一个善良的人并不比一个机智的人更光荣

其他修饰成分：without any malice为伴随状语

of distinguishing themselves by a spirit of raillery and satire作后置定语修饰ambition

【全句译文】：我确实听说过一些粗心大意、不体谅他人的作家，他们并不是存心要害他们的朋友和熟人名誉尽失，而且他们还以为自己风趣，爱讽刺的精神来标榜自己，好像做一个善良的人并不比一个机智的人更光荣。

[When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed]，the astronauts feel [as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor].

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

主句：the astronauts feel…

分句一：When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed

类型：时间状语从句;引导词：when

分句二：as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor.

类型：方式状语从句;引导词：as if

【译文】宇航员们觉得自己好像正在被压向宇宙飞船的底壁上去。

【全句译文】：当宇宙飞船以极快的速度离开地球时，宇航员们觉得自己好像正在被压向宇宙飞船的底壁上去。

It's not just a question, [as obviously Foucault and Barthes are always suggesting], of deferring to authority [as though the authority were the police with a baton in its hand], right?

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

主句：It's not just a question of deferring to authority

分句一：as obviously Foucault and Barthes are always suggesting

类型：方式状语从句;引导词：as

分句二：as though the authority were the police with a baton in its hand

类型：方式状语从句;引导词：as if

【译文】就好像当局是手里拿着警棍的警察。

【全句译文】：这不仅仅是一个问题，显然福柯和巴特一直在暗示的那样，要服从权威，就好像当局是手里拿着警棍的警察，对吧

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