2022年南京艺术学院考博英语真题

2022年南京艺术学院考博英语真题

Passage One

Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms. Harris takes to beat the assumption which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.

Ms. Harris’s attack on the developmentalists, “nurture” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, arc no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?

Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly, it is different from growing up tense or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though as it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.

Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Hams argues, be keen to appear like their contemporaries. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open door: They may initially choose the peers with whom their children associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that people’s child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So, the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.

1. According to Ms. Harris, ____.

A. parents have not invested enough time and energy in their children

B. children’s personality is shaped by people they mix with outside the home

C. in the long run, parents will affect their children’s personality

D. nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on children’s personality development

2. Which of the following views would the developmentalists agree with?

A. Children tend to assume their parents’ personality.

B. Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.

C. Identical twins reared in the same home are similar in personality.

D. Identical twins under the same parent develop separate personalities.

3. Which of the following statements summarizes the main point of Paragraph three?

A. Parental influence is more important than the influence of the peer groups.

B. To measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence is hard.

C. Children subject to peer group influence often learn how to be honest, hard-working, or generous.

D. Peers and parents have similar influence on a child’s personality development.

4. The word “ditched” (Para 4) could best be replaced by ____.

A. prove             B. emphasized

C. compared             D. ignored

5. What is the author’s main purpose?

A. To highly praise Ms. Harris’s work.

B. To counter Ms. Harris’s work.

C. To objectively report on Ms. Harris’s work.

D. To critically comment on Ms. Harris’s work.

Part II Translation (30%)

Section A

Directions: Read the following paragraphs carefully and then translate them into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSEER SHEET.

In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experiences. Prior knowledge and interests influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.

Section B

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSEER SHEET.

有很多事情让人们觉得艺术家很古怪。但让人感到最怪异的可能是这件事：艺术家们的唯一工作是研究情感，但是他们却总是选择关注负面的情感。但事实并不总是如此。最早的诸如绘画和音乐等艺术形式都是极其适合用来表达快乐的。但是从19世纪的某个时候开始，越来越多的艺术家开始将快乐看作无意义的、虚假的，甚至无聊的东西。你可能会反驳说，艺术对幸福持怀疑态度是因为现代社会见证了太多的苦难。但是这并不是因为早期的社会就没有战争、灾难和对无辜者的杀戮。

Part III Writing (30%)

Directions: Write a composition of at least 300 words on the following topic:

Qualities of Good Artistic Work

由于文章篇幅有限，2022年南京艺术学院考博英语真题只能展示至此，考生可以通过文章上方“本文资料”或者文章下方“资料下载”进行下载完整版文档。