2019年海南大学考博英语真题

2019年海南大学考博英语真题

Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (10 points, one point for each)

Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

1. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ______ too long.

A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read

2. The hopes, goals, fears and desires ______ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.

A. alter B. shift C. transfer D. vary

3. The government is trying to do something to ______ better understanding between the two countries.

A. raise B. promote C. heighten D. increase

4. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular ______.

A. gaps B. rate C. length D. intervals

5. The president made a ______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsman greatly.

A. vigorous B. tedious C. flat D. harsh

6. As ______ announced in today’s papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.

A. being B. is C. to be D. been

7. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A. are to challenge B. may be challenged

C. have been challenged D. are challenging

8. Students show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, ______ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.

A. as for B. in view of C. in case of D. such as

9. ______, a man who express himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

A. Other things being equal B. Were other things equal

C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal

10. Some women ______ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

A. must make B. should have made

C. would make D. could have made

Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.

Passage one

Why does cram go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.

Cream and butter contain pretty much the same things, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.

In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.

When the situation is reserved, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says Brocklehurst.

The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through attentions to the food’s structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.

11. The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that______.

A. it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives

B. it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter

C. it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter

D. it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition

12. According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria______.

A. are more evenly distributed in cream

B. multiply more easily in cream than in butter

C. live on less fat in cream than in butter

D. produce less waste in cream than in butter

13. According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by______.

A. removing its fat

B. killing the bacteria

C. reducing its water content

D. altering its structure

14. The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to______.

A. tiny globules

B. watery regions

C. bacteria communities

D. little compartments

15. Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack______.

A. by varing its chemical composition

B. by turning it into a solid lump

C. while keeping its structure unchanged

D. while retaining its liquid form

Passage two

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”

Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed.

Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

16. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that______.

A. it is one of the most difficult school courses

B. students spend endless hours in reading

C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading

17. The teaching of reading will be successful if______.

A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable

18. The word “scrutiny” (Line3, Para.3) most probably means______.

A. inquiry

B. observation

C. control

D. suspicion

19. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when______.

A. children become highly motivated

B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

D. reading enriches children’s experience

20. The main idea of the passage is that______.

A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

D. reading is more complicated than generally believed

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