2018郑州大学考博英语真题

2018郑州大学考博英语真题

Part II Vocabulary (10 points)

Directions: There are 10 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

31. —“Doesn’t your wife restrain you from smoking?”

—“I _____ from smoking ever since our marriage.”

A. restrained B. have restrained C. refrained D. have refrained

32. It may have been because of the weather, or _____ it may have been the result of indigestion.

A. alternative B. alternatively C. alternate D. alternately

33. The snow _____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.

A. confused B. bewildered C. conversed D. hampered

34. The amount of tabloid ink spilled over her 24-year difference in age with her new boyfriend does _____ her.

A. rankle B. stir up C. emaciate D. whip up

35. It is believed that the way to _____ Europe’s R&D innovation lies in a collaborative approach, featuring both public and private parties.

A. override B. avert C. reinvigorate D. own up to

36. Many politicians and the green-energy lobbyists claim we should _____ ahead green energy because it will create new employment.

A. boom B. forge C. expatriate D. pitch

37. After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground _____ with papers, bottles and cans.

A. scrubbed B. used C. littered D. dispersed

38. Every _____ of a motion picture is the responsibility of the director.

A. section B. facet C. character D. footage

39. Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant _____ with a satisfactory solution for both countries.

A. intercepted B. interacted C. interpreted D. intervened

40. The chairperson of a woman’s club being addressed by Adlai Stevenson during his campaign indulged in a lengthy introduction full of _____ remarks.

A. laudatory B. lascivious C. languish D. lethargic

Part III Reading Comprehension (30 points)

Directions: Read the following passages followed by questions, each with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the employment more widely.

But we need to go further. We must ask some questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to make the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, centres of production and work?

The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought, but, in fact, it could offer a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.

Employment became widespread when the enclosure of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, in the end, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.

Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.

All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

41. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Employment become widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.

B. Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.

C. The industrial age may now be coming to an end.

D. Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment.

42. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?

A. The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.

B. The development of factories.

C. Relief from housework on the part of women.

D. Development of modern means of transportation.

43. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A. most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time

B. many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed

C. in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women

D. some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed

44. What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?

A. Shocking B. Interesting C. Confusing D. Stimulating

45. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?

A. Create situations in which people work for themselves.

B. Treat employment as the norm.

C. Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.

D. Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.

Passage Two

Every day 25 million U.S. children ride school buses. The safety record for these buses is much better than for passenger cars; but nevertheless, about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones. By and large, however, the nation’s school children are transported to and from school safe.

Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large, the safety of children is always of intense public concern. While everyone wants to see children transported safely, people are divided about what needs to be done—particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory.

People in favour of seat belts on school buses—many of them parents and medical organizations—argue that seat belts are necessary not only to reduce fatality and injury, but also to teach children lessons about the importance of using them routinely in any moving vehicle. A side benefit, they point out, is that seat belts help keep children in their seats, away from the bus driver.

People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977. They also believe that many children won’t wear seat belts anyway, and that may damage the belts or use them as weapons to hurt other children.

A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive. For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts.

The report sponsored by the Department of transportation at the request of Congress, reviews seat belts extensively while taking a broader look at safety in and around school buses.

46. Each year, children killed outside buses in the loading zones are about _____.

A. 10 B. 40 C. 30 D. 50

47. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the words “are divided” in Paragraph 2?

A. disagree B. separate C. arrange D. concern

48. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control of the school buses’ “safety”?

A. A New Research Council

B. The Department of Transportation

C. The Medical Organizations

D. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

49. It may be inferred from this passage that _____.

A. many of the opponents of seat belt installation are parents and officials of the Department of Transportation

B. proposal of seat belts on school buses would be seriously considered

C. an alternate safety device (raising seat backs four inches) may be taken into consideration

D. The Department of Transportation may either take the idea of seat belts or other measures when it reviews the whole situation

50. The best title which expresses the idea of the passage is _____.

A. Making School Buses Even Safer for Children

B. Seat Belts Needed on School Buses

C. Alternate Safety Devices and Procedures

D. Safety in and around School Buses

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