语言与文化自考2014年10月真题

语言与文化自考2014年10月真题及答案解析

该试卷为自考语言与文化历年真题试卷，包含答案及详细解析。

一、单项选择题

Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.“Oil is a natural substance. When it is obtained from the oil well and refined into petrol, it becomes a cultural product.” From the above example, we can see that culture is a_______phenomenon.

A.national
B.historical
C.social
D.general and abstract

2.Eskimo tribes commonly have as many as seven different words for snow while certain African cultures in the equatorial forest of Zaire have no word for snow. Such phenomenon shows that_______.

A.language is part of culture
B.language is influenced and shaped by culture
C.language is the carrier of culture
D.language has its influence on culture

3._______meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.

A.Conceptual
B.Connotative
C.Affective
D.Collocative

4.“Cowboy”, “Hippie” and “Continental Congress” are words that represent the _______aspect of American culture.

A.geographical
B.political
C.religious
D.historical

5.Compare the sentences “Which books have you lent him?” and “你借给他哪些书? ”, and we find the difference in ________.

A.grammatical morphemes
B.subjects and objects
C.paratactic and hypotactic relation
D.word order

6.People from individualistic cultures tend to_______.

A.mind their own affairs
B.be more sociable
C.be more influenced by the environment
D.inquire what others are doing

7.In English “_______”is often used together with the addressee’s given name as a vocative.

A.mother
B.aunt
C.cousin
D.mother-in-law

8.Which of the following is NOT a common response to a compliment?

A.Thank you. I’m glad you like it. (to “How delicious the food is!”)
B.Thank you. So did you. (to “You played very well in the game today.”)
C.Oh, I wish it could be true. (to “You speak good Chinese.”)
D.Oh no, not at all. (to“What a beautiful garden you have!”)

9.“To keep one’s nose clean”corresponds to _______.

A.保持一身清白
B.保持呼吸畅通
C.使某人信服
D.清洗脸部

10.The Chinese equivalent to“make bricks without straw” is_______.

A.白手起家
B.费九牛二虎之力做某事
C.独立完成某事
D.做无米之炊

11.The red color is usually associated with celebrations and joyful occasions in English speaking countries and in China, which can be seen in the following expressions EXCEPT “______”.

A.a red letter day
B.waving a red flag
C.painting the town red
D.the red carpet

12.Metaphors occur frequently in daily conversations to show speakers’ views on things both in Chinese and in English. The following metaphorical expressions show that ideas are people EXCEPT “________”.

A.新思想萌芽
B.旧观念复活
C.His ideas will live on forever
D.He breathed new life into that idea

13.(1) Your ticket.(2) Will you please show your ticket?(3) Your ticket, please.(4) Would you mind showing your ticket?Please arrange the above statements in an order of increasing degrees of formality and politeness.

A.(1) (2) (3) (4)
B.(2) (1) (4) (3)
C.(1) (3) (2) (4)
D.(4) (3) (2) (1)

14.The following expressions are the euphemism for“death”or “die”in English and Chinese EXCEPT _______.

A.go east
B.pass away
C.圆寂
D.离开了我们

15.When hearers, topics and environments change, the speakers‘ speaking styles vary, _______ style is used for conducting most business matters.

A.Frozen
B.Consultative
C.Formal
D.Casual

16.“Our garden didn’t do very well this year. By contrast, the orchard is looking very healthy.”There is_______relation between the above sentences.

A.additive
B.adversative
C.causal
D.temporal

17.“The little parcel of light of one particular frequency in which radiant energy is delivered sometimes called a “light dart”, but is more generally known as a photon.” The above sentence shows that in English for science and technology, there is frequent use of_______.”

A.nominalization
B.non-finite verbs
C.non-finite verb phrases
D.passive sentences

18.Many famous products in the west are named after their designers and manufacturers, which can be seen in the following brand names EXCEPT_______.

A.Chanel
B.Ford
C.Pierre Cartan
D.Rolex

19.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Nonverbal communication is communication without words.
B.Nonverbal communication can be viewed as occurring whenever an individual communicates without the use of sounds.
C.Nonverbal communication does not convey meaning.
D.Nonverbal communication is the study of facial expressions, touch, time, gestures, smell, eye behaviour, and so on.

20.If you are ordering two hamburgers in McDonald’s, you’re likely to say that you want two hamburgers and at the same time hold up two fingers to signify “two”. This nonverbal message fulfills the function of________.

A.complementing
B.repeating
C.contradicting
D.substituting

二、多项选择题

Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

11.“________” are important properties of language.

A.Language is systematic
B.Language is human specific
C.Language is used to understand and describe the world
D.Language and culture are loosely related

12.The United Kingdom is a country of constitution monarchy, which may be represented by the words “_______”.

A.President
B.Parliament
C.Democratic Party
D.Conservative Party

13.The Chinese people are deductive thinkers who reason________.

A.from the particular to the general
B.from the whole to the individual parts
C.from the big to the small
D.from the specific to the abstract

14.Some types of personal names are quite common among English speakers. They are_______.

A.religious names
B.weapon names
C.names related to historical events
D.names related to knowledge, authority and fame

15.“Carry coals lo Newcastle”, “It is as hard to please a knave as a knight” and “An Englishman’s home is his castle”are proverbs that are related to_______.

A.the history of England
B.individualism
C.geography
D.Christianity

16.Metaphors are used in the following sentences EXCEPT “________”.

A.That young man is a bear at physics.
B.His uncle is an old fox, up to all the evils.
C.When I won the first prize in the competition, my mother was as proud as a peacock and told all the neighbours about it.
D.Although he was 40 years old, he behaved like a 10-years-old schoolboy in front of his primary school teacher.

17.In the Chinese utterance“请多提宝贵意见”，“宝贵”is used to show speaker’s_______.

A.emphasis
B.warning
C.politeness
D.respect

18.Which of the following sentences are connected paratactically?

A.He bought ink, two pencil, an eraser, etc.
B.The students handed in their papers when the bell rang.
C.老板口述了一封信。他的秘书记了下来。
D.他今天上班迟到了，因为他睡过了头。

19.Which of the following words are American English spelling?

A.programme
B.labor
C.defense
D.civilise

110.Which of the following statements are true?

A.In Chinese culture, people have eye contact more frequently and intensely.
B.English speakers prefer to have prolonged eye contact while conversing.
C.To English people, a person who does not look at you in your eyes when talking to you is trustworthy.
D.While talking to others, Chinese speakers tend to have eye contact with their interlocutors intermittently.

三、填空题

Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

21.Culture in its narrow sense can be defined as_______of a population.

22.Words like “hotdog”,“hamburger” and“sandwich”reflect_______styles of English speakers.

23.The utterances “下雨了”， “已经九点了”，and ”很冷” in Chinese show that to the Chinese people________is more important than grammatical explicitness and consistency.

24.Since the Chinese people think highly of_______, they might consider it bad taste to praise their family members before others.

25._______events can also be a source of English allusions, as seen in “marathon” and “Waterloo”.

26.In both English and Chinese “black”is often associated with ________qualities, as in “blacklist” and “black hearted”

27.As an English teacher once said jokingly, if one dares to use“Jesus Christ” or “Holy Mary” to swear others, he must get ready to fight. This example shows that swear words, profane oaths or words are_______in English.

28.The drawing of a general conclusion from a number of known facts is_______.

29.An English news report normally consists of a headline, a_______and a story.

210.In both English and Chinese body language systems, _______one’s head may signal either disagreement or disappointment.

四、简答题

Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

31.How are language, culture and thought related?

32.What’s the difference between “药店” in Chinese and “drugstore” in American English and“chemist’s shop”in British English?

33.The lead in a news report normally presents briefly five Ws. What Ws are presented in the news lead? “Thunderstorms caused a power failure on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway on Sunday, paralyzing southbound trains for 90 minutes.”

34.What is psychological time orientation?

五、翻译题

Translation. (18%)

41.Strike while the iron is hot.

42.Request the honour of your presence.

43.return ticket

44.您有何高见?

45.拜年

46.蝼蚁之穴能溃千里之堤。

六、论述题

Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51.Please use “industrial action”，“disturbance” and “incomplete success” as examples to illustrate the English euphemisms in mass media about political, socioeconomic affairs and international relations. 试题答案 Euphemisms are frequently used in mass media about political, socioeconomic affairs and international relations to avoid the unpleasantness of terms or expressions. For example, “industrial action”may be used for strike and a“riot”may become a “disturbance”. A“failure”is called an “incomplete success”.

52.Illustrate cross-cultural differences between English and Chinese thanks, by referring to the following situations.(1) A salesgirl passes an article on to the customer. (2) An American professor has prepared a letter of recommendation for his student.