2017年201英语（一）考研真题答案及解析

本文提供2017年201英语（一）考研真题答案及解析，以下为具体内容

1、Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”（1）helping you feel close and（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a （3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you （4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study （5 ）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come（8）with a cold, and the researchers（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging （10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. （11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe（12）.“ Hugging protects people who are under stress from the（13）risk for colds that' s usually（14）with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps（15）the feeling that others are there to help（16）difficulty. ”Some experts（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” （18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it （19）in the brain, where it （20）mood, behavior and physiology. 

问题1

A、Unlike

B、Besides

C、Throughout

D、Despite

问题2

A、equal

B、restricted

C、connected

D、inferior

问题3

A、host

B、view

C、lesson

D、choice

问题4

A、recall

B、forget

C、avoid

D、keep

问题5

A、collecting

B、affecting

C、guiding

D、involving

问题6

A、on

B、in

C、at

D、of

问题7

A、devoted

B、exposed

C、lost

D、attracted

问题8

A、along

B、across

C、down

D、out

问题9

A、imagined

B、denied

C、doubted

D、calculated

问题10

A、served

B、explained

C、restored

D、required

问题11

A、Thus

B、Still

C、Rather

D、Even

问题12

A、defeats

B、symptoms

C、errors

D、tests

问题13

A、highlighted

B、minimized

C、controlled

D、increased

问题14

A、associated

B、equipped

C、presented

D、compared

问题15

A、assess

B、moderate

C、generate

D、record

问题16

A、in the face of

B、in the form of

C、in the name of

D、in the way of

问题17

A、attribute

B、commit

C、transfer

D、return

问题18

A、unless

B、because

C、though

D、until

问题19

A、vanishes

B、emerges

C、remains

D、decreases

问题20

A、experiences

B、combines

C、justifies

D、influences

2、First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O' Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 

1.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to（  ）.2.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?3.The word “expedited” (Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to （  ）.  4.One problem with the PreCheck program is （  ）.  5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

问题1

A、stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide

B、explain American's tolerance of current security checks

C、highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports

D、emphasize the importance of privacy protection

问题2

A、New restrictions on carry-on bags.

B、The declining efficiency of the TSA

C、An increase in the number of travelers.

D、Frequent unexpected secret checks.

问题3

A、quieter

B、faster

C、wider

D、cheaper

问题4

A、a dramatic reduction of its scale

B、its wrongly -directed implementation

C、the government's reluctance to back it

D、an unreasonable price for enrollment

问题5

A、Getting Stuck in Security Lines.

B、PreCheck — a Belated Solution.

C、Less Screening for More Safety.

D、Underused PreCheck Lanes.

3、“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii' s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars. 

1.Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates（  ）.2.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to （  ）.  3.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because（  ）.  4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy（  ）.  5.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of（  ）.

问题1

A、the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society

B、her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy

C、the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times

D、her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time

问题2

A、its religious implications

B、its protective surroundings

C、its geographical features

D、its existing infrastructure

问题3

A、it may risk ruining their intellectual life

B、they fear losing control of Mauna Kea

C、their culture will lose a chance of revival

D、it reminds them of a humiliating history

问题4

A、is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians

B、helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world

C、may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture

D、will eventually soften Hawaiians, hostility

问题5

A、severe criticism

B、full approval

C、passive acceptance

D、slight hesitancy

4、Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes — all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

1.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he（  ）.2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that （  ）.  3.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?4.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that （  ）.  5.Which of the following is the best title for the text?

问题1

A、praised the UK for its GDP

B、identified GDP with happiness

C、misinterpreted the role of GDP

D、had a low opinion of GDP

问题2

A、GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK

B、policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP

C、the UK will contribute less to the world economy

D、the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern

问题3

A、It excludes GDP as an indicator.

B、It is sponsored by 163 countries.

C、Its criteria are questionable.

D、Its results are enlightening.

问题4

A、the UK is preparing for an economic boom

B、it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP

C、high GDP foreshadows an economic decline

D、it requires caution to handle economic issues

问题5

A、Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being.

B、Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.

C、High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson.

D、GDP Figures, a Windowon Global Economic Health.

5、In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor's decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty”. But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.’’The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government, ” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society— that all are equal in treatment by government — is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

1.The underlined sentence (Paragraph 1) most probably shows that the court（  ）.2.According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves （  ）.  3.The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are （  ）.  4.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to （  ）.  5.The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is（  ）.

问题1

A、made no compromise in convicting McDonnell

B、avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties

C、was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct

D、refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics

问题2

A、concrete returns for gift-givers

B、sizable gains in the form of gifts

C、leaking secrets intentionally

D、breaking contracts officially

问题3

A、allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters

B、qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues

C、justified in addressing the needs of their constituents

D、exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism

问题4

A、awaken the conscience of officials

B、allow for certain kinds of lobbying

C、guarantee fair play in official access

D、inspire hopes in average people

问题5

A、sarcastic

B、tolerant

C、skeptical

D、supportive

1、试题答案：第1题:B;第2题:C;第3题:A;第4题:C;第5题:D;第6题:A;第7题:B;第8题:C;第9题:D;第10题:B;第11题:D;第12题:B;第13题:D;第14题:A;第15题:C;第16题:A;第17题:A;第18题:B;第19题:C;第20题:D;

试题解析：

1.应选［B］。考点：句子含义+介词用法
【试题解析】空缺一个介词，连接的是“ ...helping you feel close and connected to... people you care about”。从意义上看，空格前面一句是段落的主题句：拥抱可以预防疾病。空格所在句展开论述，指出“拥抱”让人感到亲近，并给身心带来种种好处（health benefits）。两者之间应该是并列和递进关系。选项［B］符合这种逻辑关系。
2.应选［C］。考点：句际关系+词汇使用
【试题解析】空缺一个形容词性的成分，即“feel close and...to people”。从意义上看，与close意义是一致的。从结构上看，还得与后面的介词to有搭配关系。空格所在分句是由and连接的并列成分，连词and前指出“拥抱”让人感觉亲近（feel close），and后递进说明上文内容，应该与feel close同义。第二段的“support”和第三段的“intimacy”（亲密，紧密）都与这个空缺有一致的照应关系。因此，选项［C］最佳。
3.应选［A］。考点：句子含义+短语搭配
【试题解析】空缺一个名词成分，在“hugs can bring a... of health benefits to your body and mind”句中。空格后面的“health benefits”说明，前面的限定修饰成分的意思是“很多，大量的”。而且，从篇章的层次看，本文探讨拥抱带来的好处有许多。因此，选项［A］最佳。
4.应选［C］。考点：句子含义+词义辨析
【试题解析】空缺一个动词，在“might even help you", getting sick this winter”中。从语法上看，该动词后是动名词作宾语，从意义上看，空缺部分表达的是拥抱的好处。从语篇角度看，本段的中心是讨论“拥抱”带来的种种好处；另外，空格所在句中出现“even”，表示“甚至”，说明此句与上一句存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句表示“拥抱可以带来大量的好处”，因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。选项［C］表达了“避免生病”这一内容，是最佳备选。
5.应选［D］。考点：句子含义+词汇用法
【试题解析】空缺一个现在分词，在“In a recent study…over 400 healthy adults”中，表达的是“study”和“adults”的关系。空格前后应该是主谓关系，该句的意思是“400名成人参加了最近的研究”，换言之则为“该研究涉及多少人”。据此分析，选项［D］最佳。
6.应选［A］。考点：句子含义+介词用法
【试题解析】空格所在句子的主干结构是“researchers... examined the effects...（on）... ”，即the effect of A on（upon）B（A对B产生的影响）。据此，选项［A］最佳。
7.应选［B］。考点：句子含义+词汇使用
【试题解析】空缺一个过去分词，在“after being... to the virus”中（参与者……了病毒）。空格前提到感冒（common cold），空格后提到病毒（virus），两者之间有因果关系，应该是参与者“接触了”感冒病毒。因此，选项［B］最佳。
8.应选［C］。考点：句子意义+介词用法
【试题解析】空缺在“to come...with a cold”中，意思是“得到社会支持的人不容易患感冒”。短语“come down with”是固定搭配，意思是“得病，感染”。因此，选项［C］最佳。
9.应选［D］。考点：句子含义+词汇使用
【试题解析】空缺一个谓语动词，在“and the researchers…that the stress-reducing effects of hugging...explained about 32 percent of that beneficial effect”中。据上文，研究者检查了（examined） 感冒易感性，结果发现获得社会支持的人患感冒的可能性较低（less likely to come down with a cold），那么原因可能是什么呢？研究者自然要对拥抱的好处进行推测或推断。因此，选项［D］最佳。
10.应选［B］。考点：句子含义+词汇使用
【试题解析】本题的解题思路与上一题如出一辙。空缺在“the stress-reducing effects of hugging...about 32 percent of that beneficial effect”中。空缺后的“about 32 percent of that beneficial effect”就是空缺动词的宾语部分。从句子的意义看，空格前面提到“拥抱”具有减缓压力的效果，空格后面说“32%的好处”。全句的意思是“拥抱”的益处有32%来自于其减缓压力的功能。因此，选项［B］最佳。
11.应选［D］。考点：句际关系+词汇使用
【试题解析】空缺位于句首，备选都是关系副词，表达句子之间的关系。空缺上文说：拥抱（的减压作用）使一定比例的参与者不容易患感冒（拥抱的好处）。空格所在的句子谈论的是那些的确患感冒的人的情况，如果有社会支持病情不会那么严重。显然，空缺之后给出的是补充说明——前后有递进关系。故选项［D］最佳。
12.应选［B］。考点：句子含义+词汇使用
【试题解析】空缺一个名词，在“the ones...had less severe…”中。那些有社会支持的参与者虽然患感冒，但“症状不是那么严重”。从段落话题来看，该段主要谈论感冒。综合这些内容，选项［B］最佳。
13.应选［D］。考点：句子含义+词汇使用
【试题解析】空缺一个过去分词，在“the...risk for colds”中，作“risk”的定语。该段首句的前半句起到承接上文的作用。上段说道：拥抱可以减轻压力，从而减轻感冒的易感性和严重性。这些字里行间的言外之意便是：压力常常“增加”患感冒的风险。因此，选项［D］最佳。
14.应选［A］。考点：句际关系+词汇使用
【试题解析】本题的解题思路与上一题如出一辙。空缺部分是一个分词，是分句谓语动词的一部分。这一部分起到了承接上文的作用，即上段所谈到的：（感冒）通常与压力有关。选项［A］可表达这一含义。
15.应选［C］。考点：句子含义+词汇使用
【试题解析】空缺一个动词，在“Hugging 'is a marker of intimacy and helps...the feeling that others are there to help...difficulty’”中。前半句说明拥抱标志着亲密，而后半句说明其功能（产生某种有社会支持的感受），指出了拥抱的积极意义。故选项［C］最佳。  
16.应选［A］。考点：句子含义+短语使用
【试题解析】本题和上题的解题思路如出一辙。空缺一个介词短语，在“Hugging 'is a marker of intimacy and helps generate the feeling that others are there to help...difficulty’”中。根据常识，面对苦难时，人们需要社会支持（social support）和帮助（support）。这是符合常识的推理。故选项［A］最佳。
17.应选［A］。考点：句间关系+词义辨析
【试题解析】空缺句子的谓语动词，在“Some experts…the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin”中，与介词 to 搭配。句中的“the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging”（拥抱减压，对健康有益）是上文的发现，那么是什么原因造成的呢？这便是下文分析的内容，即“催产素的释放”。在四个被选项中，［A］是唯一可表达因果关系的词汇，故最佳。
18.应选［B］。考点：句间关系+词义辨析
【试题解析】空缺一个连词，表达的是“催产素被称为‘结合激素’”与“它促进亲密关系”之间的逻辑关系。从文章的上下文逻辑关系看，拥抱对健康有积极作用，某些专家把这种作用归咎于催产素，而根本原因便是催产素会促进亲密关系。这便是文章的逻辑所在。因此，选项［B］最佳。
19.应选［C］。考点：句际关系+词汇使用
【试题解析】空缺一个谓语动词，在“some of it...in the brain”中。根据上文，“有些催产素被释放到了血液中”（released into the bloodstream），之后“But”转折引出下文（与上文构成对比关系），那么便是：还有一些会留在大脑中。因此，选项［C］最佳。
20.应选［D］。考点：句际关系+词汇使用
【试题解析】本题的解题思路与上一题如出一辙。空缺在“some of it remains in the brain, where it...mood, behavior and physiology”中。从上下文看，某些研究者认为拥抱的作用是因为催产素，这个空缺正好说明某种作用或影响，即：催产素影响情绪、行为和生理。因此，选项［D］最佳。

2、试题答案：第1题:B;第2题:C;第3题:B;第4题:D;第5题:A;

试题解析：

1.应选［B］。考查考生把握句间、段间关系的能力。
【试题解析】（1）根据题干专有名词EgyptAir Flight 804可定位在第二段。（2）从第二段的写作思路看，第一句直述观点：“美国人愿意忍受”（tolerate），之后举了EgyptAir Flight 804的例子说明这一观点。But之后补充说明其他影响，而“not to mention infuriating”又重复了“令人难以忍受的”观点。据此分析， 选项［B］最佳，其中的“explain” 是原文“why”的转述，“American's tolerance”是原文“Americans are willing to tolerate”的释义表达，而“current security checks”是原文“time-consuming security” 的同义转化。

2.应选［C］。考查考生把握句间、段间关系的能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干中的“long waits at major airports”（在大机场长时间的等待）在原文中有多个照应语句，所以只能从“contributes to”（促成）以及第三段分析原因的角度去定位。尤其是对长句Enhanced security...Chicago's O' Hare International的理解。（2）根据文章，机场安检措施不断加强，乘飞机出行的人数迅速增长。这两者结合导致了大中型机场候机时间越来越长。原文的“resulted in”与题干中的“contributes to”是同义替换，［C］项是原文“a rise in airline travel”的同义替换。综合这些内容，选项［C］最佳。此外，乘飞机出行的人数增加这一内容在第四段再次作为关键词出现。

3.应选［B］。考查考生在语境中推测词义的能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干明示出处定位在第五段。（2）从构词法看，“expedite”的词根为“ped”（脚，足），与“步行，速度”等概念相关。（3）从上下文看，上句说：预检计划可以让TSA和乘客双赢，通过预检的乘客可以直接走expedited检查通道。既然是双赢，那一定得节省旅客检查的时间，也就是下一句中提到的saving time for everyone involved。因此这个通道一定是“快速”通道。因此，选项［B］最佳。

4.应选［D］。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。
【试题解析】（1）根据“PreCheck program”定位到第五、六段。（2）根据文章，该计划远未征召到足够人员（第五段：to enroll 25 million；第六段：not gotten anywhere close to that），问题在于定价（第六段：sticker shock），这就是这个计划的缺陷（第六段：fatal flaw）。因此，选项［D］最佳。

5.应选［A］。考查考生把握全文中心主旨的能力。
【试题解析】（1）纵观全文，中心议题为前两段。（2）从全文看：第一段介绍开宗明义，解释乘飞机旅行的美国人如今要花较长的时间经过安检。第二段介绍美国的安检时间长，并带来了种种问题。第三段举例说明这些问题现在依然存在。第四段分析问题产生的原因。第五段提出一种解决方案。第六段分析方案本身的问题。最后一段是全文的总体评论。综合这些内容，选项［A］最佳。

3、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:A;第5题:B;

试题解析：

1.应选［A］。考查考生把握言外之意的推理能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干明示出处在第一段。从全文来看，女王的话是全文发展的引子。（2）本段先说夏威夷人以前重视天文学（第一段：esteemed），目的是引出全文的中心议题，即第二句的内容。过去和现在构成了鲜明的对比关系，即过去“注重”和“今天对天文研究的抗议”。（3）此外，文章段落之间反复提到了“夏威夷热爱天文学的文化”（culture）。综合这些信息，选项［A］最佳。

2.应选［C］。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。
【试题解析】（1）根据题目顺序，以及题干和原文信息的照应，出处定位在第二段。题干的“an ideal site”照应第三句。（2）根据文章，“莫纳克亚山还有世界上最强大的天文望远镜”（第二段：powerful），究其缘由，“该山坐落在太平洋，其峰顶高耸入云，空气稀薄，在这样的条件下望远镜可以捕获到无比清晰的图像”。概括这些内容，选项［c］最佳。

3.应选［D］。考查考生把握句间、段间关系的能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干的“opposed by some locals”可视为原文第三段“vocal group of Hawaiians”的转述。（2）根据文章，反对建设TMT的团体人数不多，但敢于直言（第三段：vocal）。他们认为这些望远镜的存在亵渎他们神圣的土地（第三段：disrespect），并让他们痛苦地回忆起这个主权国家历史上曾被占领的事实（第三段：a painful reminder）。选项［D］是原文的转述。

4.应选［A］。考查考生把握言外之意的推理能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干已明示出处定位在第五段。题干中的“progress in today's astronomy”是对该段首句的概括。那么，这么多年又取得了哪些具体的进步呢？（2）下文做出了阐释，简言之，“与古夏威夷人同样的好奇心”（第五段：curiosity）激励今天的天文学家。那么，对于哪些事情好奇呢？下文便给出了具体阐释：我们是谁？我们从哪里来？我们要去哪里？综合这些信息，选项［A］最佳，其中“dreams”可视为是“curiosity”的转述。

5.应选［B］。考查考生把握作者态度和评价的能力。
【试题解析】（1）解观点态度题要注意原文中表示情感色彩的词汇。（2）第一段第三句“Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today”明显表达出作者对“今天的夏威夷人对天文学不热情”的伤感态度。（3）此外，由全文最后一句的双重否定，“我们没有理由不欢迎人们到夏威夷来拥抱文化遗产，研究星空”可见，作者态度鲜明，就是全力支持。选项［B］最佳。

4、试题答案：第1题:D;第2题:A;第3题:D;第4题:B;第5题:C;

试题解析：

1.应选［D］。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。
【试题解析】（1）根据题干专有名词Robert F. Kennedy以及题目顺序，本题可定位到第一段第一句。（2）根据文章，“一个国家的GDP可以衡量一切，但就是不能衡量使生活有价值的因素”。很明显，作者对GDP所反映的情况评价很低。（3）此外，根据文章一致性的特点，第六段补充说明了这个观点，即“GDP一直是衡量经济活动的最常用方法”（common method），但“已经不再充分”（no longer enough）。据此，选项［D］最佳。

2.应选［A］。考查考生把握言外之意的推理能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干明示定位在第二段，尤其是最后一句。（2）根据文章，“英国的GDP被西方世界羡慕，失业率低，增长率高”，但是，“英国人还是不顾退欧会给经济前景造成的冲击，投票支持退欧”。由此可见英国民众普遍认为GDP的高低并不代表英国社会现状的真实情况。选项［A］最佳。

3.应选［D］。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。
【试题解析】（1）根据题干的“the recent annual study”，以及前两题的线索，本题可定位在第三段末句。（2）根据文章，“该研究不仅着眼于GDP，而且使用了40多套标准，来对国家的情况进行更为全面的评估”，这种做法阐释了一直困扰人们的问题。因此，选项［D］最佳。

4.应选［B］。考查考生把握言外之意的推理能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干明示定位在最后两段。（2）根据第六段，“GDP作为唯一的衡量标准是不够的，因为GDP统计数据并没有包含所有个人幸福的要素”（no longer enough）。再根据第七段，“制定政策的人如果关注幸福，而不是简单关注GDP的数字，则可能避免经济衰退，甚至带动经济发展”（rather than simply worrying）。综合这些内容，选项［B］最佳。

5.应选［C］。考查考生把握全文中心主旨的能力。
【试题解析】（1）本题需要综合全文。（2）第一段引用肯尼迪的名言，指出GDP不靠谱，接着作者以英国脱欧为例，说明肯尼迪说的有道理。第二段介绍虽然英国GDP值高，但若脱欧，会影响英国经济，影响GDP，但人们仍然投票支持脱欧，这说明人们的日子不好过。从第三段开始分析GDP和幸福感的关系，作者认为GDP高并不能够给人民带来幸福感。第四段作者得出结论：富裕国家要引以为戒，要关注GDP以外的因素，这样才能改变世界，提高人民的生活。综合这些内容，选项［C］最佳。

5、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:A;第3题:C;第4题:C;第5题:D;

试题解析：

1.应选［C］。考查考生在语境中推测词义的能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干明示定位在第一段。（2）句中的it did so照应前一句的“最高法院推翻了对前州长的有罪判决”，while表示转折关系（相当于but的作用），下文应该就是与此形成对比的内容：尽管法律上他无罪，但是在道德上却……（3）根据第四段，“最高法院还认为收受礼物令人反感（distasteful）和讨厌（nasty）”，这一信息照应了第一段“holding its nose at...”的内容。因此，选项［C］最佳。

2.应选［A］。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。
【试题解析】（1）题干明示定位在第四段，段中没有难长句，需要综合三个句子的内容做出判断。（2）根据文章，“根据反贿赂法律，证据必须基于实际的利益交换，如批准合同或规章”（第二句：concrete benefits）。“但如果仅仅是安排一次见面，打个电话或者举办一个活动，那么这种行为就不是受贿”（第三句：not an “official act”）。换言之，职务腐败行为涉及具体的利益交换，即“拿人钱财，替人消灾”是腐败行为。选项［A］表达了此意。

3.应选［C］。考查考生把握言外之意的推理能力。
【试题解析】（1）本题难度适中。根据题干中的关键词assumption定位到第五段最后一句。（2）根据文章，“代议制政府的基本契约就是假定公职人员会听取选民的意见，并为他们排忧解难”。前一句提到，“法律必须允许通过选举上任的官员帮助支持者处理行政问题，而不用担心被起诉腐败”。选项［C］中的addressing the needs（解决需求）与原文的deal with和act on their concerns是同义替换。另外，选项中的justified等同于原文中的must be allowed。因此，选项［C］最佳。

4.应选［C］。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。
【试题解析】（1）本题难度适中。可定位在第六段。题干是原文This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency 的释义表达，关键是原文主语 This type of integrity 的所指。（2）根据句子之间的连贯和一致，This type of integrity指的便是本段第一句：但是这个判决支持了公民和民选代表与政府打交道时的平等权利。（3）从更大层次看，第七段针对第六段的问题提出了解决的建议： “官员要避免厚此薄彼”“民主社会的前提便是公平”。据此可见“公平”是文章的关键概念。综合这些信息，选项［C］最佳。

5.应选［D］。考查考生把握作者态度和评价的能力。
【试题解析】（1）本题难度适中。根据题目顺序，本题可定位在最后一段。根据文章，在反对官员腐败和厚此薄彼的斗争中，最高法院的判决是一个进步（第八段：a step forward）。（2）在第五段，作者评价说：最高法院的裁定合情合法（The court's ruling is legally sound）。由此可见，选项［D］最佳。