2020年201英语（一）考研真题答案及解析

本文提供2020年201英语（一）考研真题答案及解析，以下为具体内容

1、Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. （1）a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can（2）it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this（3）should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure（4）to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has（5）a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked（6）high temperatures.This means that people should （7）crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only（8）toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? （9）studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no（10）evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "（11）to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. （12）the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is（13）to follow the FSA advice.（14）, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a（15）.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be（16）upon Sunday along side some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living?（17）, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods（18）, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their（19）risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just（20）with no one listening.

问题1

A、In

B、Towards

C、On

D、Till

问题2

A、match

B、express

C、satisfy

D、influence

问题3

A、patience

B、enjoyment

C、surprise

D、concern

问题4

A、intensified

B、privileged

C、compelled

D、guaranteed

问题5

A、issued

B、received

C、ignored

D、canceled

问题6

A、under

B、at

C、for

D、by

问题7

A、forget

B、regret

C、finish

D、avoid

问题8

A、partially

B、regularly

C、easily

D、initially

问题9

A、Unless

B、Since

C、If

D、While

问题10

A、secondary

B、external

C、inconclusive

D、negative

问题11

A、insufficient

B、bound

C、likely

D、slow

问题12

A、On the basis of

B、At the cost of

C、In addition to

D、In contrast to

问题13

A、interesting

B、advisable

C、urgent

D、fortunate

问题14

A、As usual

B、In particular

C、By definition

D、After all

问题15

A、resemblance

B、combination

C、connection

D、pattern

问题16

A、made

B、served

C、saved

D、used

问题17

A、To be fair

B、For instance

C、To be brief

D、In general

问题18

A、reluctantly

B、entirely

C、gradually

D、carefully

问题19

A、promise

B、experience

C、campaign

D、competition

问题20

A、follow up

B、pick up

C、open up

D、end up

2、A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for 2021. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, ought not to be confined to cities. Britain's towns, it is true, are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bid to beat their bigger competitors. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows what will follow—village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture" washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organizations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of a culture can certainly be seen as one of a complex series of factors that have turned the city into the powerhouse of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A “town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honoring a town’s peculiarities—helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people. Jeremy Wright, the culture secretary, should welcome this positive, hope-filled proposal, and turn it into action.

1.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would（  ）.2.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as（  ）.3.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it（  ）.4.“ Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present（  ）.5.What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?

问题1

A、consolidate the town city ties in Britain

B、promote cooperation among Brain's towns

C、increase the economic strength of Brain's towns

D、focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events

问题2

A、a sensible compromise

B、a self-deceiving attempt

C、an eye-catching bonus

D、an inaccessible target

问题3

A、endeavor to maintain its image

B、meets the aspiration of its people

C、brings its local arts to prominence

D、commits to its long-term growth

问题4

A、a contrasting case

B、a supporting example

C、a background story

D、a related topic

问题5

A、Skeptical

B、Objective

C、Favorable

D、Critical

3、Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.

1.Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because（  ）.2. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have（  ）.3.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?4.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms（  ）.5.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?

问题1

A、its funding has enjoyed a steady increase

B、its marketing strategy has been successful

C、its payment for peer review is reduced

D、its content acquisition costs nothing

问题2

A、thrived mainly on university libraries

B、gone through an existential crisis

C、revived the publishing industry

D、financed researchers generously

问题3

A、Relieved.

B、Puzzled.

C、Concerned.

D、Encouraged.

问题4

A、allow publishers some room to make money

B、render publishing much easier for scientists

C、reduce the cost of publication substantially

D、free universities from financial burdens

问题5

A、Trial subscription is offered.

B、Labour triumphs over status.

C、Costs are well controlled.

D、The few feed on the many.

4、Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest. Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt" phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

1.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills（  ）.2.Which of the following is true of the California measure?3.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate（  ）.4.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to（  ）.5.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

问题1

A、help little to reduce gender bias

B、pose a threat to the state government

C、raise women's position in politics

D、greatly broaden career options

问题2

A、It has irritated private business owners.

B、It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.

C、It may go against the Constitution.

D、It will settle the prior controversies.

问题3

A、the harm from arbitrary board decision

B、the importance of constitutional guarantees

C、the pressure on women in global corporations

D、the needlessness of government interventions

问题4

A、the underestimation of elite women's role

B、the objection to female participation on boards

C、the entry of unqualified candidates into the board

D、the growing tension between labor and management

问题5

A、Women's need in employment should be considered.

B、Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy-making.

C、Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.

D、Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.

5、Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a "GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon—in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational anti-avoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.

1.The French Senate has passed a bill to（  ）.2. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax（  ）.3.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that（  ）.4.It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work（  ）.5.Which of the following might be the best title for this text?

问题1

A、regulate digital services platforms

B、protect French companies' interests

C、impose a levy on tech multinationals

D、curb the influence of advertising

问题2

A、may trigger countermeasures against France

B、is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad

C、aims to ease international trade tensions

D、will prompt the tech giants to quit France

问题3

A、redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured

B、the current international tax system needs upgrading

C、tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented

D、all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights

问题4

A、is being resisted by US companies

B、needs to be readjusted immediately

C、is faced with uncertain prospects

D、needs to in involve more countries

问题5

A、France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions

B、France leads the charge on Digital Tax

C、France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals

D、France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy

1、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:A;第3题:B;第4题:D;第5题:A;第6题:B;第7题:D;第8题:A;第9题:D;第10题:C;第11题:C;第12题:A;第13题:B;第14题:D;第15题:C;第16题:B;第17题:A;第18题:B;第19题:C;第20题:D;

试题解析：第1题:

【选项释义】
A. In 在……内 B. Towards 朝……
C. On 在某一天 D. Till直到……为止
【考查点】介词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】空格处应填和a cold winter’s day搭配的介词，on与具体某一天搭配时，表示在某日，因此C选项On“在某一天”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项均不能和“a day（某一天）”进行搭配。
【句意】在寒冷的冬天。

【选项释义】
A. match 相配，比得上 B. express 表达
C. satisfy 使满意 D. influence 影响
【考查点】动词辨析和上下文关联。
【解题思路】it指代上文的“Sunday roast（周日烤肉）”，few表示“很少，几乎没有的”，在句中起加强语气的作用，说明几乎没有什么饮食能比得上一顿周日烤肉大餐所带来的快乐，因此A选项match“相配，比得上”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】在寒冷的冬天，很少有烹饪的乐趣能与之相比。

【选项释义】
A. patience 耐心 B. enjoyment 享受
C. surprise 惊喜 D. concern 担忧
【考查点】名词辨析和上下文关联。
【解题思路】根据空格前代词this可知，空白处应在上文提到过，enjoyment表示“享受，乐趣”，是对上文pleasures的同义替换，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项均不能和“pleasures（乐趣）”相对应。
【句意】然而，正如我们现在所报道的，食品警察决心将这种享受……。

【选项释义】
A. intensified 强化的 B. privileged 有特权的
C. compelled 被强迫的 D. guaranteed 确定的
【考查点】形容词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由“another guilty pleasure（另一种罪恶的乐趣）”和“to damage our health（损害我们的健康）”可知，二者语义一致，罪恶表示对身体健康造成的伤害是确定的，因此D选项guaranteed“确定的”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】然而，正如我们现在所报道的，食品警察决心将这种享受变成另一种肯定会损害我们健康的有罪乐趣。

【选项释义】
A. issued 发布 B. received 收到
C. ignored 忽略 D. cancelled 取消
【考查点】动词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由“a public waming（一项公开警告）”可知，此处表示发布公开警告，因此A选项issued“发布”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项均不能和“a public waming（一项公开警告）”相搭配。
【句意】英国食品标准局发布了一项公开警告。

【选项释义】
A. under 在……下 B. at 在……，以……
C. for 为了 D. by 通过
【考查点】介词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由“cooked（烹饪）”和“high temperatures（高温）”可知，此处表示高温烹饪的食物，空格处应填与high temperatures搭配的介词，B选项at表示“在……，以……”，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项均不能和“high temperatures（高温）”相搭配。
【句意】英国食品标准局发布了一项公开警告，警告某些高温烹饪的食物中会形成一种名为丙烯酰胺的化合物。

【选项释义】
A. forget 忘记 B. regret 后悔
C. finish 完成 D. avoid 避免
【考查点】动词辨析和上下文关联。
【解题思路】由上文“a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures（高温烹饪的食物中会形成一种名为丙烯酰胺的化合物）”可知，高温烹饪的食物是不健康的，所以人们应该避免高温烹饪，即避免“crisping their roast potatoes（烤土豆变脆）”，因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】这意味着人们应该避免烤土豆变脆。

【选项释义】
A. partially 部分地 B. regularly 定期地
C. easily 容易地 D. initially 起初地
【考查点】副词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由and可知，空格处和“avoid（避免）”及“reject（拒绝）”相并列，表示拒绝高温烹饪，即只将面包部分烤熟，因此A选项partially“部分地”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项均不能和“reject（拒绝）”相对应。
【句意】这意味着人们应该避免烤土豆变脆，拒绝吃薄皮披萨，面包只烤半分熟。

【选项释义】
A. Unless 除非 B. Since 既然
C. If 如果 D. While 尽管
【考查点】连词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】studies have shown that表示“研究表明丙烯酰胺能导致老鼠的神经受损”，there is no evidence表示“没有丙烯酰胺在人类中致癌的证据”，两个分句之间存在让步关系，因此D选项While“尽管”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项均不能表示让步关系。
【句意】虽然研究表明丙烯酰胺会导致老鼠的神经系统损伤，但没有证据表明它会导致人类癌症。

【选项释义】
A. secondary 次要的 B. external 外部的
C. conclusive 确定的 D. negative 否定的
【考查点】形容词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】空格处作定语修饰evidence，由“While studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice（虽然研究表明丙烯酰胺会导致老鼠的神经系统损伤）”可知，此处存在让步的逻辑关系，说明是没有确凿的证据表明它会导致人类癌症的，因此C选项conclusive“确定的”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】虽然研究表明丙烯酰胺会导致老鼠的神经系统损伤，但没有确凿的证据表明它会导致人类癌症。

【选项释义】
A. insufficient 不足的 B. bound 必定的
C. likely 很有可能的 D. slow 迟钝的
【考查点】形容词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由but可知，此处存在转折的逻辑关系，后半句have no hard scientific proof表示“没有确凿的科学证据”，所以空格处应表示可能会导致癌症，因此C选项likely“很有可能的”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项均不能和“have no hard scientific proof（没有确凿的科学证据）”构成转折。
【句意】科学家表示，这种化合物可能会导致癌症，但没有确凿的科学证据。

【选项释义】
A. On the basis of 根据，基于 B. At the cost of 以……为代价
C. In addition to 除……之外 D. In contrast to 与……相反
【考查点】词组辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由“to follow the FSA advice（遵循FSA的建议）”可知，虽然还没有确凿的证据表明会导致癌症，但FSA避免吃高温烹饪的食物的建议是为了提前提前预防癌症，所以是根据预防原则的，因此A选项On the basis of“根据，基于”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】在预防原则的基础上，可以认为遵循FSA的建议是可取的。

【选项释义】
A. interesting 有趣的 B. advisable 可取的
C. urgent 紧急的 D. fortunate 幸运的
【考查点】形容词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由“to follow the FSA advice（遵循FSA的建议）”和“the precautionary principle（预防原则）”可知，此处表示根据预防原则，有人认为应该听从FSA的建议，因此B选项advisable“可取的”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】在预防原则的基础上，可以认为遵循FSA的建议是可取的。

【选项释义】
A. As usual 像往常一样 B. In particular 尤其
C. By definition 按照定义 D. After all 毕竟
【考查点】词组辨析和上下文关联。
【解题思路】上文说到“基于预防原则，有人认为听从FSA的建议是可取的”，后一句通过吸烟致癌的例子表明，虽然还没有确凿的科学证据，但听从FSA的建议是可取的，毕竟在吸烟这件事上人们也是遵循的预防原则，因此D选项After all“毕竟”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】毕竟，在有证据证明吸烟致癌之前，吸烟致癌的谣言已经流传多年了。

【选项释义】
A. resemblance 相似性 B. combination 结合
C. connection 关联 D. pattern 模式
【考查点】名词辨析和
【解题思路】由“smoking caused cancer（吸烟导致癌症）”可知，本句的evidence指的是证明吸烟会导致癌症的证据，即吸烟和癌症之间的关联，因此C选项connection“关联”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】毕竟，在发现证据证明两者之间的联系之前，吸烟导致癌症的传言已经存在多年。

【选项释义】
A. made 制作 B. served 上菜
C. saved 节省 D. used 使用
【考查点】动词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由“a piece of boiled beef（一块煮牛肉）”和“some steamed vegetables（一些蒸蔬菜）”可知，此处指的是将食物端上餐桌，serve up是固定搭配，意为“上菜”，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】毫无疑问，在周日的餐桌上，一块煮牛肉总是可以配上一些蒸蔬菜，没有约克郡布丁，也没有酒。

【选项释义】
A. To be fair 公平地说 B. For instance 例如
C. To be brief 简言之 D. In general 总的来说
【考查点】词组辨析和上下文关联。
【解题思路】上文提出了“那样的话，生活还值得一过吗？”的疑问，后一句是对该疑问进一步阐释和澄清，并不是要告诉人们停止吃烧烤食物，而是要告诉人们减少烧烤食物的摄入，因此A选项To be fair“公平地说”正确。
【干扰项排除】
B、C、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】公平地说，英国食品标准局表示，它并不是告诉人们停止食用烧烤食品。

【选项释义】
A. reluctantly 勉强地 B. entirely 完全地
C. gradually 逐渐地 D. carefully 小心地
【考查点】副词辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由not… but…可知，前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，后半句说到“只是要减少他们一生的摄入量”，说明前半句应该表示不是让人们完全不吃烧烤食品，因此B选项entirely“完全地”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】公平地说，英国食品标准局表示，它并不是告诉人们完全停止食用烧烤食品，而是要减少他们一生的摄入量。

【选项释义】
A. promise 承诺 B. experience 经验
C. campaign 活动 D. competition 竞争
【考查点】名词辨析和上下文关联。
【解题思路】上文说到“英国食品标准局表示，它并不是告诉人们完全停止食用烧烤食品”，说明FSA发布的警告会让人们误以为烧烤食物完全不能吃，空格处应表示FSA发布的警告， campaign指为实现某种目的而进行的活动，因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】然而，他们的活动可能会被指责为咄咄逼人和过度保护。

【选项释义】
A. follow up 接下来 B. pick up 捡起
C. open up 揭露，展示 D. end up 以……结束，以……告终
【考查点】词组辨析和句间逻辑。
【解题思路】由“no one listening（没人理会）”可知，这是“constant health scares（不断的健康恐慌）”会导致的结果，因此D选项end up“以……结束，以……告终”正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、C选项均不符合此处的语义逻辑。
【句意】不断的健康恐慌只会以没人理会告终。
【参考译文】
即使家人不像以前那样频繁地坐在一起吃饭，数百万英国人仍然可以在这个周末分享这个国家的伟大传统之一：周日烤肉。在寒冷的冬天，很少有烹饪的乐趣能与之相比。然而，正如我们现在所报道的，食品警察决心将这种享受变成另一种肯定会损害我们健康的有罪乐趣。
英国食品标准局发布了一份公开警告，警告某些高温烹饪的食物中会形成一种名为丙烯酰胺的化合物。这意味着人们应该避免烤土豆变脆，拒绝薄皮披萨，面包只烤半分熟。但是，支持这种危言耸听的建议的证据在哪里呢？虽然研究表明丙烯酰胺会导致老鼠的神经系统损伤，但没有确凿的证据表明它会导致人类癌症。
科学家表示，这种化合物可能会导致癌症，但没有确凿的科学证据。在预防原则的基础上，可以认为遵循FSA的建议是可取的。毕竟，在发现证据证明两者之间的联系之前，吸烟导致癌症的传言已经存在多年。
毫无疑问，在周日的餐桌上，一块煮牛肉总是可以配上一些蒸蔬菜，没有约克郡布丁，也不加酒。那样的话，生活还值得一过吗？公平地说，英国食品标准局表示，它并不是告诉人们完全停止食用烧烤食品，而是要减少他们一生的摄入量。然而，他们的活动可能会被指责为咄咄逼人和过度保护。不断的健康恐慌只会以没人理会告终。

2、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:B;第3题:D;第4题:A;第5题:C;

试题解析：

1.细节题。题干问库珀和她的同事们认为“文化之城”这一奖项可能会怎样，可以定位在第一段第三句：“赫尔之冠”的成功并不局限于城市，它为赫尔带来了2.2亿欧元的投资和大量艺术作品。英国的城镇，确实没有被阻止申请，但他们通常缺乏资源来凑齐一点来击败他们更大的竞争对手。有人认为，“文化之城”奖可以成为一项年度活动，吸引资金并创造就业机会。所以能看出答案是C.增强英国城镇的经济实力。
2.推断题。题干问：根据第二段，这一提议或许会被一些人认为是___。可以定位在第二段第一句“Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that”“有些人可能会把这个提议看作是一个嘘声，因为英国已经不能再申请更有声望的欧洲文化之都的称号了”，能看出来有些人是持反面态度的。很多人不认识boo，但是也能从后面的on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration
in its desperation to reinvent itself for，在绝望地为英国退欧后的世界重塑形象之际，英国即将消失在一场无休止的自我庆祝热潮之中。接下来几个反问句，能看出来是一种自我欺骗的尝试，所以选择B。
3.细节题。题干问：作者认为这个头衔的持有者是成功的只要他……可以定位到第三段第三、四句：这些头衔真正成功的持有者，是那些除了为酒店带来收入、带来引人注目的艺术活动和一年的良好报道之外，还做了很多事情的人。他们转变了当地居民的愿望；他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的一面。所以能看出只要他致力于乡村的长期发展中，这个头衔就会是成功的。
4.写作目的题。题干说：第3段提到格拉斯哥是为了展现什么。可以定位到第三段倒数第一句。可以看到前面有明显的But，知道和前面的意思相反。“这个问题很难解决，需要高度的远见卓识，也需要城市当局、私营部门、社区团体和文化组织之间的合作。但这是可以做到的：格拉斯哥作为欧洲文化之都的一年，可以被看作是一系列复杂的因素之一，这些因素把这座城市变成了艺术、音乐和戏剧的力量，直到今天。”
5.作者态度题，问作者对于这个建议的态度。第一段是提出该建议，第二段是一些人认为这个建议有点吹嘘，而只有最后一段能看出作者对此建议的态度：一个“文化之城”不仅仅是艺术之城，而且要尊重一个城市的特色——帮助维持它的商业街，支持当地的设施，最重要的是赞美它的人民，并将其转化为行动。所以能看出是积极赞成的态度。

3、试题答案：第1题:D;第2题:A;第3题:C;第4题:A;第5题:D;

试题解析：

1.细节题。根据题干中关键词a licence to print money，定位到第一段第三句，其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专门工作，因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。正确选项D，acquisition原词，for free替换选项中的cost nothing.
2.细节题。根据题干关键词Elsevier定位到第三段第一句话，该公司去年利润超过9亿英镑，然而仅英国大学在2016年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑。正确选项A“主要依靠大学图书馆”为定位句的同意表达。
3.态度题。根据题干中关键词Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句，这表明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性，必须进行改造，以便为所有参与者服务。可见作者对于Sci-Hub的成功采取否定态度，正确选项C concerned担忧，担心。relieved宽慰的，puzzled困惑的，属错误选项，encouraged鼓励的，正反混淆。
4.推断题。根据题干关键词 open access定位到第五段，最后一句...so that the publishers can make a profit before...，合理收取费用是未来出版商能够获利……A选项为同义替换。B.使发表对科学家来说容易得多。C.降低出版成本。D.使大学摆脱财政负担。
5.细节题。根据题干关键词scientific publishing model定位到最后一段第五句，劳动力被免费提供，以换取地位的希望，而一些经营市场的大公司则获得了巨额利润。可知少部分作者免费劳动，大部分公司盈利，A选项为同义替换。

4、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:C;第5题:B;

试题解析：

1.态度题。纵观全文，文章一直在论述该法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助。由此可见作者对此法案采取否定态度，A“help little to reduce gender bias 对减少性别偏见没什么帮助”为同义替换的正确选项。
2.细节题。根据题干中的关键词California measures定位到原文第五段第二句，Because the California law applies to all boards, ... courts are likely to rule that the law violate the constitutional guarantee of... violate违反宪法，选项C against替换violate为正确选项。
3.例证题。根据题干中catalyst替换到第七段，论点为上一句The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.在没有政府干预的情况下，公司董事会中的妇女人数一直在稳步增加。可见D选项the needlessness of government interventions 政府干预的不必要性正确。

4.细节题。根据Norway定位到倒数第三段第一句，要求将性别作为董事会成员的主要资格，必然会导致私营部门董事会减少。紧接着下文说董事会成员的机会越来越多，却没有合格的女性来担任董事会成员，由此可见会有不合格的人进入董事会，正确答案为选项C“不合格候选人进入董事会”。
5.推断题。B. Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy-making，由最后一段可知，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助。由此可知该政策并不可取，正确答案为选项B“可行性应是决策的首要考虑因素”。

5、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:A;第3题:B;第4题:C;第5题:B;

试题解析：

1.细节题。根据题干直接定位到第一段第一句话a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services...选项C中的“levy”和“tax”同义复现；“tech multinationals”和“digital services”同义复现。因此C为正确答案，其余选项均未体现。
2.推断题。根据题干定位到第二段，第二段第二句话：这已经引起了巨大的反抗，反过来也会导致针对法国的贸易制裁，和选项A相一致，其中选项中的“trigger”和原文的“lead to”同义复现，“sanction”和“countermeasure”同义复现。其余选项均未体现。
3.细节题。根据题干定位到第四段最后一句话：他们都认为国际税收体系并未跟上当前经济形势。选项B“目前的国际税收体系需要升级”是该句话的反义复现。其余选项均为体现。
4.细节题。根据题干定位到第五段最后一句话：对于国际税收体系的未来充满疑虑和选项C相一致。其中选项中的“uncertain”和原文中的“raise questions”同义复现，“prospects”和原文中的“future”同义复现。
5.主旨题。题干中的title为标题题的信息，所以此题考查的是文章的主旨大意。B选项里的tax是贯穿全文的主旨词；而文章以法国对数字服务征税为起点，全文描写了包括法国在内的其他国家对全球税收系统的担忧，因此选项B和文章的主旨相符合。剩余选项均未能体现文章关键词和全文主旨。