考研201英语（一）模拟题及详解（一）

本文提供考研201英语（一）模拟题及详解，以下为具体内容

1、Research suggests that British people are becoming increasingly detached from wildlife, the countryside and nature. Most people in the survey admitted they felt they were 1 touch with the natural world, 2 a third said they did not know enough about the subject to teach their own children. One in three people could not 3 an oak tree.This detachment has negative 4 for conservation. People simply won't rally round to save something they are not really 5 of. A major report last year already warned that Britain is among “the 6 nature-depleted countries in the world”.7 this is urban alienation at its most literal. Humans have 8 so decisively in the processes that create life on Earth 9 we are increasingly aware only of our own interventions, 10 not of the vast ecosystems that make them possible. Nature reminds us that we are a small part of something vast, 11, ever-evolving and infinitely precious. It reminds us that, as part of this 12. We are precious, too.13 all around us is self-destruction. Senior doctors and health charities warn that 14 drinking will kill 65,000 people over the next five years. They are asking urgently 15 a crackdown on cheap alcohol and 16 restrictions on the advertising of liquor to help to 17 the problem.The problem, however, seems existential to me. Many people are trying to 18 from themselves and their lives. 19, the measures work, simply making it harder for people to purchase their poison. But it's a strategy that makes a difference only 20 so many other aspects of a life have already gone wrong.

问题1

A、getting

B、keeping

C、losing

D、retaining

问题2

A、and

B、besides

C、moreover

D、while

问题3

A、identify

B、impair

C、illustrate

D、inhabit

问题4

A、continuity

B、consequences

C、sequences

D、controversy

问题5

A、aware

B、authoritative

C、concerned

D、considered

问题6

A、least

B、less

C、most

D、more

问题7

A、Hopefully

B、Unexpectedly

C、Presumably

D、Surely

问题8

A、interrupted

B、intervened

C、invaded

D、intrigued

问题9

A、as

B、it

C、which

D、that

问题10

A、and

B、as

C、nor

D、or

问题11

A、limited

B、definite

C、complex

D、distinctive

问题12

A、evolution

B、process

C、procedure

D、system

问题13

A、Moreover

B、Contradictory

C、Yet

D、Whilst

问题14

A、extra

B、heavy

C、massive

D、more

问题15

A、about

B、after

C、for

D、to

问题16

A、further

B、stricter

C、more

D、incredible

问题17

A、invert

B、avert

C、avail

D、reverse

问题18

A、move

B、escape

C、exile

D、resist

问题19

A、In the way

B、On the whole

C、As it is

D、To an extent

问题20

A、after

B、if

C、because

D、since

2、Public health emergencies are a fact of life in a world as interconnected as ours. The idea behind an emergency fund is not to displace efforts to combat infectious disease but to ramp them up to meet a crushing temporary need. During an outbreak the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) can call on many doctors and nurses to work without pay, but the costs of transportation, medical supplies and protective equipment still have to be covered. The surge in patients typically increases the need for laboratory testing or surveillance of insects, rodents or other carriers of illness—extra requirements that can be met by short-term contracts with commercial companies.Thomas Frieden, former director of the CDC, estimates that 90 percent of the Ebola deaths that occurred in West Africa in 2014 and 2015 could have been prevented if the agency had been able to unleash a massive effort right away. In July 2014 he estimates that an additional 300 beds to treat Ebola patients would have been enough to stop the illness from spreading. But July was also approaching the end of the fiscal year for the U.S. government, and there was not enough flexibility in the CDC’s budget to finance the necessary response. By November, after Congress made further money available, more than 3,000 beds were needed to treat everyone who had become sick.When Zika hit the southern U.S. and Puerto Rico in 2016, health officials had to go back to Congress to ask for funds for the new emergency. Months went by without action as some legislators wrangled over the role Planned Parenthood might play in the endeavor, among other things, local health officials reportedly put other critical programs on hold to deal with the new threat.Legislators from both the Democratic and Republican parties have recognized the problem and are trying to do something about it. Senator Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, a Republican, introduced the Public Health Emergency Response and Accountability Act last year and again in January 2017 to create a more robust national health emergency fund that would tie current funding to amounts spent on previous public health emergencies. In 2016 Representative Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut, a Democrat, called for a one-time appropriation of $5 billion for emergency health and is planning to do so again this year. But introducing legislation (or making a vague promise in the president’s budget) does not help if Congress fails to pass it. Lawmakers need to follow through by approving one or both of the proposed measures for the president to sign to ensure that the money will be there when the next public health emergency strikes.

1.According to the first paragraph, what can a health emergency fund help?2.The word “surveillance” (Line 6, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to____.3.Which of the following is true about Ebola in West Africa?4.We may infer from the third paragraph that____.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

问题1

A、Distribute the endeavors to fight against epidemics.

B、Transport medical supplies and protective equipment.

C、Increase the efforts to satisfy the health emergency need.

D、Make experiments on the carriers of contagious diseases.

问题2

A、supporting

B、monitoring

C、surrounding

D、questioning

问题3

A、It spread more quickly than people had expected.

B、It caused less deaths than people had estimated.

C、It obtained more money than people had budgeted.

D、It needed more financial support than people had thought.

问题4

A、Zika attacked at least two places around the whole globe at first

B、officials in local area sought for money from World Health Organization

C、Planned Parenthood might play an important role in combating Zika

D、legislators postponed other significant programs to tackle Zika

问题5

A、The Necessity of a Public Health Emergency Fund

B、The Attacks from Epidemics to Health Emergency

C、The Public Health Emergency Response and Accountability Act

D、The Way to Deal with the Great Threats to the Public Health

3、The woman disappeared. She had been coming to our group therapy sessions for months, and suddenly she stopped. Other group members told me why: she had been beaten so badly by her husband that she ended up in the hospital. The assault happened while her husband was, to use a too dainty phrase, “under the influence” of alcohol. I wish this were an isolated incident, but alcohol is a common instigator of violence against others, as well as harm to oneself.This link between alcohol and violence has been shown in multiple countries. In 1998 the Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that in the U.S., two thirds of violent attacks on intimate partners occurred in the context of alcohol abuse. Drinking increases the perpetration of physical and sexual violence. Alcohol use also reportedly increases the severity of violent assaults. Although drinking alcohol does not always lead to violence and is not a prerequisite for violence to occur, the link between alcohol and violence is undeniable.The victims are overwhelmingly women. But children are also harmed. Parents who drink heavily are more likely to physically abuse their child. Youngsters who live in neighborhoods with more bars or liquor stores are more likely to be maltreated. In fact, one out of every 10 instances of child abuse reported to child protective service agencies in the U.S. involves alcohol use.Violent, drunken men fall victim, too. They are as likely to die from alcohol-related firearm incidents as drunk-driving accidents. For all the effort put into preventing drunk driving, we have utterly failed to appreciate that being intoxicated while in possession of a firearm is an equally dangerous situation. Nevertheless, many states permit customers to carry firearms into establishments that serve alcohol.As a mental health care provider, I also commonly see patients under the influence who contemplate or try suicide. Suicide attempts are often impulsive acts. When sober, many patients regret these efforts to take their own life. Unfortunately, alcohol intoxication increases the risk that people will attempt suicide with a firearm, and because guns are the most lethal suicide method in the U.S., it is often too late for regrets.How do we break this deadly connection? As doctors, we should always ask about alcohol use, violence and access to firearms, simply to raise awareness among our patients. But there is another strategy that would be highly effective: raise alcohol taxes. Yes, alcohol is taxed, but the taxes have not kept up with inflation, making drinking more affordable than it has been in decades. Evidence shows that driving the price up would lower drinking’s tragic human cost.

1.According to Paragraph 1, the woman disappeared because____.2.The main idea of the second paragraph is to____.3.According to the author, the alcohol-related firearm incidents____.4.Suicide is mentioned in paragraph 5 to illustrate____.5.The author believes that we can break the connection by____.

问题1

A、she was fed up with group therapy sessions

B、she was driven out by other group members

C、she was severely hurt by her drunk husband

D、she was segregated from the therapy group

问题2

A、explain the intimate relationship between husband and wife

B、show the close connection between drinking and violence

C、boast the great harm done by alcohol abuse to innocents

D、share the certainty of drinking alcohol causing violenc

问题3

A、are as many as drunk-driving accidents

B、are not as dangerous as drunk-driving accidents

C、are not so emphasized as drunk-driving accidents

D、are prevented by bars or liquor stores in many states

问题4

A、the danger of impulse

B、the danger of firearm

C、the harm of suicide

D、the harm of alcohol abuse

问题5

A、increasing the taxes on alcohol and raising the prices of liquors

B、persuading the drunkards not to attempt to commit suicide

C、keeping alcohol taxes up with the inflation in the United States

D、pulling the alcohol abusers out of the influence of drinking

4、Latin America—a place long associated with financial disaster—has remained improbably calm, while the ripples of America’s subprime-mortgage crisis have spread all over the place. Banks have reported no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies. It is expected to expand faster than most of its neighbors again this year. How has such a perennial economic miscreant proven so resilient to the credit crunch?Quite simply, it barely has no credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13%; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36. 5% in 2006. Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term basis.Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investments. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit.But such a fortuitous confluence of factors could not last. Starting in early 2005, inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starling to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply, cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit when the government nearly doubled the taxes it leaves on farm exports. Now, just as companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their margins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to borrow.So, the time is ripe for the country’s financial system to recover. But a number of things are in the way. Foremost is Argentina’s business risk. Those in the informal economy (which represents over 40% of GDP) can neither save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to tie taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have poured their savings into property, fuelling a construction boom, they still hold about four-fifths of their deposits abroad.Inflation, fuelled by a public-spending binge, stale-mandated wage increases, and a cheap currency, is not helping either. No one knows how high it is. The consumer price index is doctored to keep the official rate Below 10%, but private estimates suggest it is near 25%. Without a reliable index of inflation, lending is all but impossible, even for the medium term. And the central bank has kept interest rates strongly negative in real terms, encouraging workers to spend their wages rather than to save.

1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?2.Argentina’s economy started its recovery in 2002. According to the text, which of the following is NOT the reason?3.According to the author, Argentina’s financial recovery has been hindered because____.4.There is no dependable index of inflation, because____5.What is the main idea of the text?

问题1

A、America’s subprime-mortgage crisis has greatly influenced Latin America.

B、Latin America is suffering a financial disaster.

C、At the beginning of this century Argentina has suffered a financial crisis.

D、Argentina’s economy grows faster than any other countries economics.

问题2

A、Low wages.

B、Low value of currency.

C、Low unemployment.

D、Low commodities prices of exports.

问题3

A、the banks cannot offer enough financial help

B、companies never pay the tax

C、they do not have enough foreign investment

D、companies’ increased caution for the crisis

问题4

A、the value of the currency is low.

B、there are different ways to get the index.

C、the index have been manipulated by the government.

D、the central bank has kept rates low.

问题5

A、Credit does not play a role in economy.

B、Banking sector and capital markets sometimes are not so essential in economy.

C、Argentina’s economy is the best one in Latin America.

D、Argentina is a paradise for business.

5、When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But more and more studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, “Progress in Brain Research.”Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer’s disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. “It may be that distractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing,” said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. “It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind.”For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students.“For the young people, it’s as if the distraction never happened.” said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. “But for older adults, because they’ve retained all this extra data, they’re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they’ve soaked up from one situation to another.”In the real world, such tendencies can yield big advantages, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others’ yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker’s real impact.

1.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that____2.Older adults tend to be forgetful because of____3.The studies mentioned in paragraph 3 show that____4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?5.The text intends to tell us that____

问题1

A、aging brains tend to process more information simultaneously.

B、one will become forgetful when he gets old.

C、older people don’t think their brainpower is falling.

D、the aged always stress long-term benefit.

问题2

A、their wide information.

B、the harm of Alzheimer’s disease.

C、their broader range of attention.

D、their frustration from limited attention.

问题3

A、out-of-place words are never negligible.

B、it is advisable for the old to read slowly.

C、there is nothing that can distract young people.

D、old people may be more attentive in face of distractions.

问题4

A、The forgetfulness of the old people turns to be their advantages.

B、The meaning of a point in a memo is changing anytime.

C、Wide attention is actually valuable in daily life.

D、Extra details influence one’s focus of attention.

问题5

A、brains do deteriorate with age.

B、an older brain may be a wiser brain.

C、a brain with disease is a brain with wisdom.

D、how an older brain processes information.

1、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:D;第3题:A;第4题:B;第5题:A;第6题:C;第7题:D;第8题:B;第9题:D;第10题:A;第11题:C;第12题:D;第13题:C;第14题:B;第15题:C;第16题:A;第17题:B;第18题:B;第19题:D;第20题:A;

试题解析：

1.C
【解析】分析空格所在句子的结构可知，空格处要填一个动词，与后面的名词touch构成动宾结构，空格所在部分的句意为“……他们觉得自己正在与大自然 联系。”本段首句是主旨句，提到British people are becoming increasingly detached from wildlife（英国人越来越远离野生动物、乡村和大自然），后面两句具体论证远离大自然的表现，所以空格所在短语be touch的意思应是“失去联系”，四个选项中只有选项C losing符合句意，故为正确答案。
2.D
【解析】该句空格处需要填写一个连词来连接前后两个分句。前半句的句意为“调查中的大多数人承认，他们觉得自己正在与自然界失去联系”，后半句的句意为“三分之一的人表示他们对这个主题了解得不够多……”，由此可知前后两句存在逻辑关系，且most和a third之间存在对比关系。四个选项中只有选项D while“（对比两件事物）然而”符合句意，故为正确选项。
3.A
【解析】本题空格处要填一个动词，和后面的名词短语an oak tree构成动宾关系本句的句意为“每三个人中就有一个橡树。”前一句提到有三分之一的人觉得对大自然这个主题了解得不够多，即一些人对于橡树的认知，与本段主旨一致，因此下一句即空格所在句意思应为“每三个人中就有一个不认识橡树”，四个选项中只有选项identify“认出，识别”符合句意，故为正确答案。
4.B
【解析】本题考查名词辨析，空格所在部分的句意为“这种疏离对环境保护有负面的_”。空格处的名词被negative修饰，四个选项中只有选项B consequences可以被negative修饰，意为“……的负面后果”，故选项B为正确答案。
5.A
【解析】本题空格处要填一个形容词，与后面的介词of构成固定搭配，空格所在句的句意为“人们不会团结起来拯救他们并没有真正的事情”，空格后的of和定语从句的先行词something构成介宾关系，四个选项中，选项A aware“（强调感官对外界事物的）意识”与of搭配可以构成短in be aware of，意为“意识到”，修饰something，代入原文后逻辑通顺，故为答案。
6.C
【解析】本题空格处要填一个副词，修饰形容词nature-depleted空格所在句的句意为“去年的一份重要报告已经发出警告，说英国是世界上自然资源枯竭的国家之一。”句子表述的是在全世界范围内进行比较，英国属于其中之一，那么可知此处应使用最高级来描述其是最好的或是最差的，上文提到英国人远离大自然，所以此处应该是最差的，四个选项中，选项C most“最（大，多）”修饰形容词nature-depleted，表示“自然资源枯竭最严重的”，符合句意，故为答案。
7.D
【解析】本题空格处要填一个副词修饰整个句子，空格所在句的句意为“_这是明显的城市异化”。本句中的this指代的是前文的内容，即英国人越来越远离大自然这一现状及其影响，本句是现象背后的本质。从at its most literal看出，前后的现象一本质关系非常明确，因此需要一个表达其明确关系的副词来连接，四个选项中选项D Surely无疑，必定，代入原文符合句意，故为答案。
8.B
【解析】本题空格处要填一个不及物动词充当该句的谓语动词。本句的句意为“人类如此果断地（大自然）在地球上创造生命的进程……”，that定语从句修饰processes，其中create life （创造生命）本来是大自然的选择，但是本句的主语是humans，所以本句表达的含义是人类“干扰了”大自然的选择，且空格所在句中有提示词interventions（干预），四个选项中能够表达这个意思的只有选项B intervened“干涉，干预”，故为答案。
9.D
【解析】本句是复合句，前半句句意为“人类如此果断地干预了（大自然）在地球上创造生命的进程”，后半句的句意为“我们越来越多地仅仅是意识到我们自己的干预……没有意识到使这些干预成为可能的庞大的生态系统”。由此可以看出，前半句讲述的是人类的干预行为，后半句讲述的是人类干预所造成的后果，所以本句是一个结果状语从句， 连接词应该是so... that...，选项D that符合句意，为正确答案。
10.A
【解析】本题空格处要填一个连词连接前后两个分句。前半句句意为“……我们越来越多地仅仅是意识到我们自己的干预”，后半句句意为“没有意识到使这些干预成为可能的庞大的生态系统”。由此可知，前后两句为同一个原因导致的两个不同的结果，为并列结构，需要填入一个表达肯定意思的并列连词，选项A and符合句意，故为答案。
11.C
【解析】本题空格处要填一个形容词，和vast“庞大的”，ever-evolving“不断发展的”，precious“珍贵的”三个形容词并列，并且保持语意一致。既然大自然是庞大的且不断发展的，那么其结构一定是复杂的，故选项C complex“复杂的”符合句意，故为答案。
12.D
【解析】本题空格处要填一个名词，作介词as的宾语。本句句意为“它提醒我们，作为这个的一部分，我们也是宝贵的。”本段第二句指出人类干预和生态系统之间的关系；第三句指出我们是不断发展的和无比珍贵的事物的一小部分，这也是生态系统的规律。由此可知，本段旨在强调生态系统和人类之间的关系，空格处所填名词应和生态系统相关。选项D system“系统”，即生态系统，代入原文后符合句意，逻辑通顺，故为正确答案。
13.C
【解析】本题空格处要填一个副词修饰整个句子。空格前的第三段最后一句提到“作为这个系统的一部分，我们也是宝贵的”，本句句意为“我们周围到处都是自我毁灭”。前后两句明显不是顺承关系，而是转折关系，所以此处需要填入一个表示转折关系的副词，选项C Yet含有转折意味，符合句意，故为答案。
14.B
【解析】本题空格处要填一个形容词修饰drinking，从句的句意为“……在未来五年内，_饮酒将导致6.5万人死亡”，结合选项，可导致死亡的只能是过量饮酒。选项B heavy意为“（在数量或程度上）超出一般的，比一般严重的”，heavy drinking即“过量饮酒，酗酒”，符合句意，故为答案。
15.C
【解析】本题空格处要：填一个介词和动词ask搭配，并且和a crackdown构成动宾结构，空格所在分句的句意为“他们对廉价酒进行紧急打击（They are asking urgently a crackdown on cheap alcohol），”前一句提到酗酒会导致死亡，本句的廉价酒也是导致死亡的原因，所以需要对其进行打击，而且形势迫在眉睫，所以资深医生和健康慈善机构应该是呼吁或者提倡人们杜绝廉价酒。四个选项中，选项C (ask) for意为“请求，恳求（给予）”，符合句意，故为答案。
16.A
【解析】本题空格处要填一个形容同修饰restrictions。本句的前半句意思是“他们迫切要求对廉价酒进行打击”，空格所在句的句意为“并限制酒类广告……，”由此可知，打击廉价酒和限制酒类广告都是针对问题所采取的措施，而且两者是递进关系。四个选项中，选项A further意为“更进一步的”，符合句意，故为正确选项。
17.B
【解析】本题空格处要填一个动词，与名词problem构成动宾结构。空格后的problem指代前文中的heavy drinking will kill 65,000 people （酗酒将导致6.5万人死亡），由常识可知，既然是problem就需要“解决”或者“避免”。四个选项中只有选项B avert意为“防止，避免（危险、坏事）”，符合句意，故为正确答案。
18.B
【解析】本题空格处要填一个不及物动词，与介词from一起和短语themselves and their lives构成动宾关系。空格所在句的句意为“许多人正试图自己和自己的生活”，前文提到酗酒和廉价酒会导致很多人死亡，空格所在句讲述的是人们酗酒的原因，即人们可能会选择用酗酒的方式来逃避生活，选项B escape (from)表示“（从不愉快或危险处境中）逃避，摆脱”，符合句意，故为答案。
19.D
【解析】本题空格处要填一个短语作状语，修饰整个句子。空格所在句的句意为“这些措施是奏效的，但仅仅是让人们更难购买到‘毒害’自己的东西而已。”由此可知，作者认为前面提到的两种措施（measures）并不能完全解决问题，只是（simply）在某种程度上起到一定的作用，即仅增加了人们购买“毒害”自己的东西的难度而已。故选项D To an extent“在一定程度上”，符合句意，故为答案。
20.A
【解析】本题空格处要填一个连接词来连接前后两个分句，空格前的分句句意为“这是一种会产生影响的策略”，空格后的句意为“只有在生活的其他许多方面都已经出现问题_”，本句强调的是前后句发生的顺序。最后一段第二句提到这些措施起到的作用仅仅是让人们更难购买到“毒害”自己的东西而已，不会立刻见效，那么本句中的make a difference（有影响）不会发生在other aspects of a life have already gone wrong（许多其他方面都出现问题）之前，由此可知，make a difference发生在other aspects of a life have already gone wrong之后，四个选项中只有选项A（only）after “（仅仅）在之后”代入原文，符合句意，故为答案。

2、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:B;第3题:D;第4题:A;第5题:A;

试题解析：

1.C
【解析】题目就第一段中建立卫生应急基金的作用进行提问。该段有多处细节涉及建立应急基金的目的，如：不是为了取代抗击传染病的努力，而是为了满足紧迫的临时需要；在疫情暴发期间……运输、医疗用品和防护设备的费用仍需支付（可以用应急基金支付）； 可以用来支付实验室检测和监测的费用。所以，C项Increase the efforts to satisfy the health emergency need “加大满足卫生突发事件的需求的力度”符合原文描述。
2.B
【解析】题目问第一段第六行的surveillance是什么意思。词汇所在句子为The surge in patients typically increases the need for laboratory testing or surveillance of insects, rodents or other carriers of illness，大意是患者数量的激增通常会增加对昆虫、啮齿动物或其他疾病携带者进行实验室检测或……的需求。根据上下文内容和并列连词or，我们可以推断出testing“检测；测试”是surveillance的同义词或近义词，而最接近这个意思的是B项monitoring “监视；检测，检查”。
3.D
【解析】题目问关于西非的埃博拉病毒，哪个选项是正确的，这涉及原文的多处细节。只有D项“它需要的资金支持比人们想象的更多”与原文信息一致，对应的是第二段的最后两句，大意是美国疾病控制与预防中心的预算没有足够的灵活性来提供必要的应对措施。到11月，国会已经进一步提供了资金，但此时需要3000多个床位来治疗所有生病的人。即由于没有及时得到足够的资金，后来患者人数大幅度增加。因此D项表述能正确概括原文。
4.A
【解析】题目问我们能从第三段推断出什么。A项“寨卡病毒最初在全球至少两个地方传播”，这一结论可以从第三段的第一句话中推断出来。原文指出，2016年寨卡病毒袭击美国南部和波多黎各时，卫生官员不得不回到国会，要求为新的紧急情况提供资金。因此A项对原文的推理正确。
5.A
【解析】题目问的是下面哪个是文章的最佳标题。文章第一段指出，在我们这样一个相互联系的世界里，突发公共卫生事件在现实生活中是无法避免的。建立应急基金的目的不是为了取代抗击传染病的努力，而是为了满足紧迫的临时需要。第二段和第三段通过两个例子证明了建立公共卫生突发事件应急基金的必要性。最后一段重点介绍了建立应急基金不仅需要立法，还需要国会、议会及总统的支持。因此A项“公共卫生应急基金的必要性”能概括全文的主旨内容，为最佳标题。

3、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:B;第3题:C;第4题:D;第5题:A;

试题解析：

1.C
【解析】题目问的是，根据第一段内容，那位女士消失的原因是_。第一段指出，那位女士突然就不来了……其他小组成员告诉了我原因：她被丈夫打得很惨，最后住进了医院。之所以殴打她，用一个过于文雅的说法来说，是因为她的丈夫“正处于酒精的影响之下”。选项C“她受到醉酒丈夫的严重伤害”与原文中提到的原因吻合，为正确选项。
2.B
【解析】题目问第二段的大意是什么。通读第二段，我们可以在段落的首尾句中找到与主题句有关的信息：酒精和暴力之间的这种联系在很多国家都有体现……虽然喝酒并不总是导致暴力，也不是暴力发生的先决条件，但酒精和暴力之间的联系是不可否认的。因此，选项B“表明喝酒和暴力之间的紧密联系”概括了第二段的段落大意，为正确选项。
3.C
【解析】题目问的是，在作者看来，与酒精有关的枪击事件_。根据关键词 alcohol-related firearm incidents定位到第四段，该段指出，醉酒者有可能死于与酒精有关的枪击事故，就像死于酒后驾车事故一样。尽管我们在防止酒后驾车方面做了很多努力，但我们完全没有意识到，在持有枪支的情况下喝醉同样危险。虽然如此，许多州还是允许顾客携带枪支进入提供酒精的场所。因此选项C“不像酒后驾车事故那样受到重视”符合原文表述，为正确选项。
4.D
【解析】题目问第五段提到自杀是为了说明什么。文章第五段第二句指出“我也经常看到那些受到（酒精）影响的病人考虑或者尝试自杀”，这也是喝酒造成的危害。因此D项“酗酒的危害”是正确答案。
5.A
【解析】题目问的是，作者认为我们可以通过什么斩断酗酒与暴力之间的联系。文章最后一段第一句话指出：How do we break this deadly connection? 这是解答本题的关键信息，后面的内容都是对该问题的回答。选项A“提高酒类税费，提高酒价”是原文中提到的一 个有效策略，为正确选项。

4、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:C;第5题:B;

试题解析：

1.C
【解析】第一段提到美国次贷危机危及全球，阿根廷经济是表现最好的，但并不是只有阿根廷没受影响，而是整个拉美都没怎么受到影响，只不过相比之下，阿根廷一枝独秀。文章中指出自从阿根廷摆脱了2001到2002年的那场金融危机后，其经济就发展较快。这就说明从2001到2002年，阿根廷遭受了金融危机，所以选项C是正确答案。
2.C
【解析】本题考查考生对文章重要细节信息的理解和推导能力。答案信息来源在原文第三段的第一句话，“自2002年6月经济开始复苏”表明了这一段的主要内容是分析阿根廷经济复苏。第三段论述了阿根廷经济复苏的两个主要原因：货币贬值让出口增加，劳动力闲置（失业率高）让工资水平较低，从而降低了商业发展的成本。选项C（失业率低）正好与原文表达的“大量劳动力闲置（失业率高）”思想相反，因此不是其经济复苏的原因，正确选项是C。
3.D
【解析】答案信息来源在文章第五段和第六段。第五段的首句“国家金融系统复苏的时机成熟了，然而一系列的因素挡住了道路”，这清楚表明了该段的内容主要是论述阻挡阿根廷金融复苏的因素；此外，最后一段第一句话的“either”（也……）一词也清楚表明了是承接第五段内容。第五段提到了阿根廷的商业危机影响金融复苏，具体说来，原因如为了避税，很多企业都是非法企业，因此无法借贷；剩下一些合法的企业对2001到2002那场经济危机仍然心有余悸，不敢借贷；阿根廷有大量资金放在海外。选项D正好对应原文“The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis”，表达了第二个具体原因，因此是正确选项。
4.C
【解析】答案信息来源在最后一段。文章最后一段中的doctor是解题的关键，doctor当动词用于被动语态“is doctored”时，意思为“修改的，篡改的，操控的”，原文提到两个截然不同的通货膨胀指数，政府的10%和民间的25%，并指出了政府的指数被doctored，言下之意政府的指数靠不住，从下文的“缺少可靠的通货膨胀指数，人们几乎不可能借贷”，我们可以看出作者对民间的指数也缺乏信任。因此，选项C符合原文。
5.B
【解析】本文属于典型的现象分析型文章。阿根廷经济一枝独秀只是一种现象，必须与文章首句的美国次贷危机相结合。本文第二段的首句就指出了阿根廷经济不受次贷危机影响，并维持较快发展势头是因为阿根廷没什么贷款。换言之，借贷在阿根廷经济发展中并不扮演重要角色，没有借贷照样发展，而文章剩下的部分都是围绕这一观点进行具体分析。选项B没有出现credit一词，但凭借常识考生应当知道所谓banking sector and capital markets就是指借贷。况且第一段讨论次贷危机时就提到“银行业并没什么令人不快的意外”，也充分说明了银行业与借贷之间的关系。所以选项B符合题意是正确答案。

5、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:C;第5题:B;

试题解析：

1.A
【解析】此题是一道细节分析题，考查对文章中相关细节的理解。第一段提出老年人记忆变差，并非是智能衰退，而是摄取更多信息并进行筛选，第二段引用该书作者的观点，提出老年人记忆广度在加宽，虽然记忆力下降了，但这很有用。两段的共同信息是老年人的大脑注意范围广，同时加工信息多，从而印证了A选项“老年人的头脑往往能同时处理更多的信息”的正确性。
2.C
【解析】本题考查对文章中相关细节的理解。根据题干信息be forgetful，我们可以定位到第二段转折后的句子“much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact...”，句中的 difficult to latch onto just one fact 对应题干中的 be forgetful；句中that所指代的内容就是健忘的原因，而that所指代的是先行词（widening focus of） attention，是C选项 their broader range of attention 的同义转述，所以C选项正确。
3.D
【解析】本题是一道细节分析题，考查对文章中相关细节的理解。第三段提出老年人和年轻大学生对阅读材料中干扰信息的加工不同，老年人降低阅读速度，深度加工了材料中的不恰当词语（out-of-place words），被问及相关信息时，比学生反应更佳。但这只是实例的描述，应该结合前后文的论述对其加以总结，这个实证研究旨在证明前文的论题——老人的注意广度更宽，即忽略的信息更少了，老年人与年轻大学生面对干扰信息（distraction out-of-place words）时的对比，正好用D选项“老年人面对干扰时可能更加注意这些干扰信息”加以总结。所以答案为D。
4.C
【解析】本题考查对原文多处细节的推理及理解句子之间关系的能力。本题看似考查最后一段，其实应该结合上一段内容，找出such tendencies所指的内容——老年人更宽的注意广度，即对更多细节信息（包括干扰信息）的加工；如此一来，就解释清楚了本段主题句such tendencies can yield big advantages in the real world的含义：更宽的注意广度（甚至包括对干扰信息的加工）在现实生活中是一个很大的优势。抽象地说，是对老年人的注意广度给予了积极的评价，而C选项恰好对这个命题做了相应的总结。
5.B
【解析】本题是一道文章主旨题。考查对文章主旨和框架的理解。这是一篇选摘的文章，基本上保留了原文的框架。B选项就是文章的原标题，是全文主题的提炼和概括。纵览全文，首段提出老年人记忆变差，并非是智能衰退，而是大脑在深度加工信息；第二段提出老年人记忆广度在加宽，虽然记忆下降，但这很有用；第三、四段为相关实验的过程，并点评到老人由于注意广度，更善于解决与干扰相关的问题；第五段评价老人这种特征的优势。总而言之，文章对老年人的智能进行了正面的评价。B选项“老人的大脑可能是一个更聪明的大脑”既包含了核心问题——老人的智能（an older brain），又对其进行了正面的评价（wiser），是正确选项。