考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练（三百九十九）

本文提供考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练，以下为具体内容

1、Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that involves short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problem. It （1）in young adulthood (between the ages of 20 and 30), levels out for a period of time, and then （2）starts to slowly decline as we age. But （3）aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and the （4）of body fat around the abdomen, which often begin in middle age and continue into advanced age, are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the （5）  that lifestyle factors, such as the type of diet you follow and the type and amount of exercise you get throughout the years to maintain more lean muscle, might help prevent or （6） this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that （7）measurements of lean muscle, abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat (the type of fat you can see and grab hold of) from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and （8）that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people （9）higher measures of abdominal fat（10）worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years（11）.For women, the association may be（12）to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be （13）. Future studies could （14）these differences and perhaps lead to different（15）for men and women.（16） there are steps you can （17）to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental（18）. The two most generally recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your （19）of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style （20） that is high in fiber from whole grains, vegetables, and other plant foods and eliminates highly processed foods. If you carry extra belly fat, speak with your health care provider to determine a plan that is best for you.

问题1

A、pauses

B、return

C、peaks

D、fades

问题2

A、alternatively

B、formally

C、accidentally

D、generally

问题3

A、while

B、since

C、once

D、until

问题4

A、detection

B、accumulation

C、consumption

D、separation

问题5

A、possibility

B、decision

C、goal

D、requirement

问题6

A、delay

B、ensure

C、seek

D、utilize

问题7

A、modified

B、supported

C、included

D、predicted

问题8

A、devoted

B、compared

C、converted

D、applied

问题9

A、with

B、above

C、by

D、against

问题10

A、lived

B、managed

C、scored

D、played

问题11

A、ran out

B、set off

C、drew in

D、went by

问题12

A、superior

B、attributable

C、parallel

D、resistant

问题13

A、restored

B、isolated

C、involved

D、controlled

问题14

A、alter

B、spread

C、remove

D、explain

问题15

A、compensations

B、symptoms

C、demands

D、treatments

问题16

A、Likewise

B、Meanwhile

C、Therefore

D、Instead

问题17

A、change

B、watch

C、count

D、take

问题18

A、well-being

B、process

C、formation

D、coordination

问题19

A、level

B、love

C、knowledge

D、space

问题20

A、design

B、routine

C、diet

D、prescription

2、Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. （1）a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can（2）it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this（3）should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure（4）to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has（5）a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked（6）high temperatures.This means that people should （7）crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only（8）toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? （9）studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no（10）evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "（11）to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. （12）the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is（13）to follow the FSA advice.（14）, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a（15）.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be（16）upon Sunday along side some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living?（17）, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods（18）, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their（19）risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just（20）with no one listening.

问题1

A、In

B、Towards

C、On

D、Till

问题2

A、match

B、express

C、satisfy

D、influence

问题3

A、patience

B、enjoyment

C、surprise

D、concern

问题4

A、intensified

B、privileged

C、compelled

D、guaranteed

问题5

A、issued

B、received

C、ignored

D、canceled

问题6

A、under

B、at

C、for

D、by

问题7

A、forget

B、regret

C、finish

D、avoid

问题8

A、partially

B、regularly

C、easily

D、initially

问题9

A、Unless

B、Since

C、If

D、While

问题10

A、secondary

B、external

C、inconclusive

D、negative

问题11

A、insufficient

B、bound

C、likely

D、slow

问题12

A、On the basis of

B、At the cost of

C、In addition to

D、In contrast to

问题13

A、interesting

B、advisable

C、urgent

D、fortunate

问题14

A、As usual

B、In particular

C、By definition

D、After all

问题15

A、resemblance

B、combination

C、connection

D、pattern

问题16

A、made

B、served

C、saved

D、used

问题17

A、To be fair

B、For instance

C、To be brief

D、In general

问题18

A、reluctantly

B、entirely

C、gradually

D、carefully

问题19

A、promise

B、experience

C、campaign

D、competition

问题20

A、follow up

B、pick up

C、open up

D、end up

3、Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest. Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt" phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

1.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills（  ）.2.Which of the following is true of the California measure?3.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate（  ）.4.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to（  ）.5.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

问题1

A、help little to reduce gender bias

B、pose a threat to the state government

C、raise women's position in politics

D、greatly broaden career options

问题2

A、It has irritated private business owners.

B、It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.

C、It may go against the Constitution.

D、It will settle the prior controversies.

问题3

A、the harm from arbitrary board decision

B、the importance of constitutional guarantees

C、the pressure on women in global corporations

D、the needlessness of government interventions

问题4

A、the underestimation of elite women's role

B、the objection to female participation on boards

C、the entry of unqualified candidates into the board

D、the growing tension between labor and management

问题5

A、Women's need in employment should be considered.

B、Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy-making.

C、Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.

D、Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.

4、①Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. ②It  1     in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then   2     starts to slowly decline as we age. ③But    3          aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be. ①One study found that muscle loss and the   4     of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. ②This suggests the  5     that lifestyle factors might help prevent or   6    this type of decline. ①The researchers looked at data that  7       measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and   8   that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. ②They found that middle-aged people   9  higher measures of abdominal fat   10      worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the  years       11    . ①For women, the association may be    12  to changes in immunity that resulted from     excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be  13   . ②It is hoped that  future studies could    14     these differences and perhaps lead to different     15     for men and women. ①    16   , there are steps you can  17  to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental    18    . ②The two    highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your   19      of      aerobic  exercise  and  following  a  Mediterranean-style  20   that  is  high  in  fiber  and eliminates highly processed foods.

问题1

A、pauses

B、returns

C、peaks

D、fades

问题2

A、alternatively

B、formally

C、accidentally

D、generally

问题3

A、while

B、since

C、once

D、until

问题4

A、detection

B、accumulation

C、consumption

D、separation

问题5

A、possibility

B、decision

C、goal

D、requirement

问题6

A、delay

B、ensure

C、seek

D、utilize

问题7

A、modified

B、supported

C、included

D、predicted

问题8

A、devoted

B、compared

C、converted

D、applied

问题9

A、with

B、above

C、by

D、against

问题10

A、lived

B、managed

C、scored

D、played

问题11

A、ran out

B、set off

C、drew in

D、went by

问题12

A、superior

B、attributable

C、parallel

D、resistant

问题13

A、restored

B、isolated

C、involved

D、controlled

问题14

A、alter

B、spread

C、remove

D、explain

问题15

A、compensations

B、symptoms

C、demands

D、treatments

问题16

A、Likewise

B、Meanwhile

C、Therefore

D、Instead

问题17

A、change

B、watch

C、count

D、take

问题18

A、well-being

B、process

C、formation

D、coordination

问题19

A、level

B、love

C、knowledge

D、space

问题20

A、design

B、routine

C、diet

D、prescription

5、It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.    More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.    Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .    Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.    But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.    Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

1、In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s _____.2、PTK is used to _____.3、Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to _____.4、In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is _____.5、An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be _____.

问题1

A、easy availability

B、flexibility in pricing

C、successful promotion

D、popularity with households

问题2

A、locate one’s birth place

B、promote genetic research

C、identify parent-child kinship

D、choose children for adoption

问题3

A、trace distant ancestors

B、rebuild reliable bloodlines

C、fully use genetic information

D、achieve the claimed accuracy

问题4

A、disorganized data collection

B、overlapping database building

C、excessive sample comparison

D、lack of patent evaluation

问题5

A、Fors and Againsts of DNA testing

B、DNA testing and It’s problems

C、DNA testing outside the lab

D、lies behind DNA testing