考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练（四百一十二）

本文提供考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练，以下为具体内容

1、Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.1.Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because（  ）.2. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have（  ）.3.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?4.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms（  ）.5.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?

问题1

A、its funding has enjoyed a steady increase

B、its marketing strategy has been successful

C、its payment for peer review is reduced

D、its content acquisition costs nothing

问题2

A、thrived mainly on university libraries

B、gone through an existential crisis

C、revived the publishing industry

D、financed researchers generously

问题3

A、Relieved.

B、Puzzled.

C、Concerned.

D、Encouraged.

问题4

A、allow publishers some room to make money

B、render publishing much easier for scientists

C、reduce the cost of publication substantially

D、free universities from financial burdens

问题5

A、Trial subscription is offered.

B、Labour triumphs over status.

C、Costs are well controlled.

D、The few feed on the many.

2、Picture-taking is a technique which can both reflect the objective world and express the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two directly opposite ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture¬taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting, its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs? like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder, less high powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and Cartier Bresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing”. Cartier Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past when images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.1.The two directly opposite ideals of photography differ primarily in the___.2.According to paragraph 2, the interest among photographers in each of the photography’s two ideals can be described as___3.The text states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT___4.The author mentions the work of Harold Edgerton to provide an example of___5.The author is primarily concerned with___

问题1

A、degree of technical knowledge that each requires of the photographer.

B、emphasis that each places on the emotional impact of the finished product.

C、way in which each defines the role of the photographer.

D、extent of the power that each requires of the photographer’s equipment.

问题2

A、steadily growing.

B、cyclically recurring.

C、continuously altering.

D、spontaneously occurring.

问题3

A、They can display a cropped reality.

B、They can change the viewer’s sensibilities.

C、They can depict the photographer’s temperament.

D、They can convey information.

问题4

A、the relationship between photographic originality and Technology.

B、how cameras have changed from the nineteenth century to the twentieth.

C、the popularity of high-speed photography in the twentieth century.

D、how a controlled ambivalence toward photography’s means can produce outstanding pictures.

问题5

A、establishing new technical standards for contemporary photography.

B、describing how photographers’ individual temperaments are reflected in their work.

C、analyzing the effects of photographic ideals on picture-taking.

D、explaining how the technical limitations affect photographers’ work.

3、budget 

A、 n. 律师；代理人

B、 adj. 价格低廉的；花钱少的；v. 谨慎花钱，把…编入预算；n. 预算

C、 n. 重要人物；平常人

D、 v. 吸引，使喜爱，引起……的好感；招引；引起（反应）；吸引

4、The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term“plant neurobiology” was  1  around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be  2  to intelligence in animals.  3  plants lack brains,the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that  4  consciousness, researchers previously reported. But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it  5  so greatly from that of animals that so-called  6  of plants' intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote. Beginning in 2006, some scientists have  7  that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters.  8  “a plant nervous system,  9  to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “ They  10  claimed that plants have‘brain-like command centers’at their root tips.” This  11  makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain,  12  it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.  13  the signaling in a plant is only  14  similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than“a mass of cells that communicate by electricity.” Taiz said. “For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold  15  of complexity and capacity is required,” he  16  “Since plants don't have nervous systems, the  17  that they have consciousness are effectively zero.” And what's so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can't run away from  18  , so investing energy in a body system which  19  a threat and can feel pain would be a very  20  evolutionary strategy, according to the article.

问题1

A、coined

B、discovered

C、collected

D、issued

问题2

A、attributed

B、directed

C、compared

D、confined

问题3

A、unless

B、when

C、once

D、though

问题4

A、coped with

B、consisted of

C、hinted at

D、extended

问题5

A、suffers

B、benefits

C、develops

D、differs

问题6

A、acceptance

B、evidence

C、cultivation

D、creation

问题7

A、doubted

B、denied

C、argued

D、requested

问题8

A、adapting

B、forming

C、repairing

D、testing

问题9

A、analogous

B、essential

C、suitable

D、sensitive

问题10

A、just

B、ever

C、still

D、even

问题11

A、restriction

B、experiment

C、perspective

D、demand

问题12

A、attaching

B、reducing

C、returning

D、exposing

问题13

A、However

B、Moreover

C、Therefore

D、Otherwise

问题14

A、temporarily

B、literally

C、superficially

D、imaginarily

问题15

A、list

B、level

C、label

D、local

问题16

A、recalled

B、agreed

C、questioned

D、added

问题17

A、chances

B、risks

C、excuses

D、assumptions

问题18

A、danger

B、failure

C、warning

D、control

问题19

A、represents

B、includes

C、reveals

D、recognizes

问题20

A、humble

B、poor

C、practical

D、easy

5、In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.    The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.    Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.    Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.    Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”1、Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to _____2、Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?3、On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?4、We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future _____5、The text intends to tell us that _____

问题1

A、illustrate the change of height of NBA players.

B、show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..

C、compare different generations of NBA players.

D、assess the achievements of famous NBA players.

问题2

A、Genetic modification.

B、Natural environment.

C、Living standards.

D、Daily exercise.

问题3

A、Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.

B、Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.

C、Americans are the tallest on average in the world.

D、Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.

问题4

A、the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.

B、the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.

C、genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.

D、the existing data of human height will still be applicable.

问题5

A、the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.

B、human height is becoming even more predictable.

C、Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.

D、the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.

1、试题答案：第1题:D;第2题:A;第3题:C;第4题:A;第5题:D;

试题解析：

1.细节题。根据题干中关键词a licence to print money，定位到第一段第三句，其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专门工作，因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。正确选项D，acquisition原词，for free替换选项中的cost nothing.
2.细节题。根据题干关键词Elsevier定位到第三段第一句话，该公司去年利润超过9亿英镑，然而仅英国大学在2016年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑。正确选项A“主要依靠大学图书馆”为定位句的同意表达。
3.态度题。根据题干中关键词Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句，这表明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性，必须进行改造，以便为所有参与者服务。可见作者对于Sci-Hub的成功采取否定态度，正确选项C concerned担忧，担心。relieved宽慰的，puzzled困惑的，属错误选项，encouraged鼓励的，正反混淆。
4.推断题。根据题干关键词 open access定位到第五段，最后一句...so that the publishers can make a profit before...，合理收取费用是未来出版商能够获利……A选项为同义替换。B.使发表对科学家来说容易得多。C.降低出版成本。D.使大学摆脱财政负担。
5.细节题。根据题干关键词scientific publishing model定位到最后一段第五句，劳动力被免费提供，以换取地位的希望，而一些经营市场的大公司则获得了巨额利润。可知少部分作者免费劳动，大部分公司盈利，A选项为同义替换。

2、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:B;第3题:B;第4题:A;第5题:C;

试题解析：

1.C
【解析】本题答案信息来源在第一段的尾句，其大意是：关于摄影有两个直接对立的观念：第一种观念认为，摄影是反映世界的，而摄影师只是一个无足轻重的观察者；但第二种观念则主张，摄影是一种探究主观世界的无畏的工具，摄影师决定一切。由此可见，两种观念的主要区别就在于对摄影师所起作用的定义不同。故选C。
2.B
【解析】本题是一道细节理解题。其答案信息来源于第2段最后一句，大意为：摄影者所做的事不能简单地定性为掠夺式的，也不能简单地定义为实质上是友好的行善行为。因此，有关照相的这一观念或者那一观念总是被重新发现并得到支持。言外之意，摄影师有时对一种观念感兴趣，有时又对另一种观念感兴趣，即这种兴趣是周期性反复出现的。
3.B
【解析】本题是一道细节辨认题。A项在第1段第2句中已经谈到：Photographs depict objective realities that already exist…C项在第1段第3句中已经写到：And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament…D项在第3段第3句中也已提及：The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness…只有B项文中没有提及，故应该选B。
4.A
【解析】本题是一道逻辑结构题。其答案信息来源在第3段第3句，其大意为：随着照相机威力的不断增大已有可能拍出许多信息非凡的、富有想象力的外观漂亮的照片，如Harold Edgerton所拍摄的关于子弹击中目标或网球抽打时产生漩涡的快速照片。由此我们可以得出作者提到Harold Edgerton的作品是为了提供一个摄影艺术的独创性和技术发展之间关系的例子。故应选A。
5.C
【解析】本文第1段提出对摄影术的两种不同观念。第2段分别阐述了这两种观念的由来及摄影师对这两种观念中任何一种的兴趣是反复交替的。第3段指出，这两种观念共存的结果是经常发生对摄影手段的不同看法。最后一段指出，这种对摄影手段的矛盾心理决定审美品位的发展趋向，综上所述，本文作者主要分析了两种摄影观念对摄影术的影响。故应选C。

3、试题答案：B

4、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:C;第5题:D;第6题:B;第7题:C;第8题:B;第9题:A;第10题:A;第11题:C;第12题:B;第13题:A;第14题:C;第15题:B;第16题:D;第17题:A;第18题:A;第19题:D;第20题:B;

试题解析：第1题:

动词词义题。空格所在句意为：“词汇 ‘plant neurobiology’ 是_____围绕这个认识：植物行为的一些方面可能_____动物的智力”。根据主谓宾搭配线索可以得知，‘plant neurobiology’是被创造出来的新词，所以，A项coined符合题意。B项discovered（发现），C项collected （收集），D项issued（发布）。

动词词组搭配题。空格所在句意为： “词汇 ‘plant neurobiology’ 围绕这个认识被创造出来的新词：植物行为的一些方面可能_____动物的智力”。根据句意，植物行为的一些方面可以与动物的智力作比较。C项compared（be compared to 与……作比较）符合题意。A项attributed（be attributed to 被……归因为……），B项directed（be directed to 被指向……），D项confined（be confined to 被限定在……）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为C。

逻辑关系。“plants lack brains（植物缺少智力）”，后面的主句部分提到…..nonetheless triggered responses that… （却能够引起反应），与前面从句中的 “plants lack brains（植物缺少智力）”构成逻辑上的转折，所以D项Though（尽管）符合题意。A项unless（除非），B项when（当），C项once（一旦），均在逻辑上不相符。故正确答案为D。

动词词组词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“尽管植物缺少智力，但是在它们的茎叶中的电子讯号的发射却会引起_______意识的反应”。由句内的让步逻辑可知：虽然缺少智力，但是反应却暗示存在智力（consciousness），所以，C项hinted at（暗示）符合题意。A项coped with（处理），B项consisted of （由……构成），D项extended（延伸）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为C。

动词词义辨析和推理判断。空格所在句意为：“植物生物学是复杂的且令人痴迷的，但是它太______与动物生物学…….”。 D项differs（differs from 与……不同）符合题意。A项suffers（suffers from 遭受……的折磨）, B项benefits（benefits from 从……中获益），C项develops（develops from 从……中发展），均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为D。

名词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“植物生物学与动物生物学差异巨大，以至于有关植物智力的所谓的________是不全面的”。B项evidence（证据）符合题意。A项acceptance（接受），C项cultivation（培育），D项creation（创造），这三项意义均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为B。

动词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“自2006年开始，一些科学家已经_______，植物拥有类似神经一样的细胞，能够与荷尔蒙和神经发射器产生互动……”C项argued（认为）符合题意。A项doubted（怀疑），B项denied（否认），D项requested（要求）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为C。

动词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“自2006年开始，一些科学家已经认为，植物拥有类似神经一样的细胞，能够与荷尔蒙和神经发射器产生互动，_______ 一个植物神经系统，……”。B项forming（形成）符合题意。A项adapting（改变、适应），C项repairing（修理），D项testing（测试）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为B。

形容词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“自2006年开始，一些科学家已经认为，植物拥有类似神经一样的细胞，能够与荷尔蒙和神经发射器产生互动，形成一个植物神经系统，与动物中的神经系统相似”。因此A项analogous（相似的）符合题意。B项essential（必要的），C项suitable（适合的），D项sensitive（敏感的），均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为A。

句间逻辑关系题。空格所在句意为：“他们_____认为，植物由大脑般的命令中心”。上一句的句意为：“自2006年开始，一些科学家已经认为，植物拥有类似神经一样的细胞，能够与荷尔蒙和神经发射器产生互动，形成一个植物神经系统，与动物中的神经系统相似”。可知，空格所在句的句意是对上一句的递进。因此D项even（甚至）符合题意。A项just（仅仅），B项ever（曾经），C项still（依旧）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为D。

短语辨析和搭配。空格所在句意为：“这种_____是有道理的如果…..”。这里的指代“this”告诉我们是指代前面所提出的观点，因此，C项perspective（观点）符合题意。A项restriction（限制），B项experiment（实验），D项demand（要求）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为C。

动词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“将其减少到一定量的电脉冲”。因此B项reducing（reducing…to… 将……减少到……）符合题意。A项attaching（attaching…to… 把……系在……上），C项returning（returning…to…将……返回到……），D项exposing（exposing…to…把……暴露于……）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为B。

句间逻辑关系题。空格所在句意为：“_______，植物中的信号发射仅仅是类似复杂的动物大脑信号发射”。该句与上一句在语义上构成逻辑上的转折，因此，A项However（然而）符合题意。B项Moreover（而且），C项Therefore（因此），D项Otherwise（否则）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为A。

副词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“然而，植物中的信号发射仅仅只是与复杂的动物大脑信号发射有一点点类似”。因此C项superficially（表明上、粗浅地）符合题意。A项temporarily（暂时地），B项literally（几乎），D项imaginarily（相像地）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为C。

名词词组搭配。空格所在句意为：“对于智力的发展，拥有_____复杂性和容量的大脑是需要的”。B项level（a threshold level of 基本水平的……）符合题意。A项list（列表），C项label（标签），D项local（本地）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为C。

动词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“对于智力的发展，拥有_____复杂性和容量的大脑是需要的，他又补充说”。因此，D项added（又补充说明）符合题意。A项recalled（回忆），B项agreed（同意），C项questioned（质疑）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为D。

名词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“由于，植物并没有神经系统，所以它们有意识的_______很可能是零”。A项chances （可能性）符合题意。B项risks（风险）, C项excuses（理由）, D项assumptions（主张）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为A。

名词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“植物不能逃离______”。因此，A项danger（危险）符合题意。B项failure（失败），C项warning（警告），D项control（控制）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为A。

常见搭配。空格所在句意为：“因此给身体系统注入能量，这样的系统能够______威胁，能够感受到疼痛，可能会是……”因此D项recognizes（发现）符合题意。A项represents（代表、体现）, B项includes（包括），C项reveals（揭示），均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为D。

形容词词义辨析。空格所在句意为：“因此给身体系统注入能量，这样的系统能够发现威胁，能够感受到疼痛，可能会是一种非常______的革命性的策略”。因此B项poor（不好的）符合题意。A项humble（卑微的），C项practical（实践的），D项easy（容易的）均与上下文语境不相符。故正确答案为B。

5、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:C;第3题:B;第4题:D;第5题:C;

试题解析：第1题:

根据第一段第1、2句，我们可以知道NBA球员的身材变高了。在这里作者以张伯伦的身高为参照物，比较了过去的和现在的NBA高个子球员的数量，目的在于说明NBA球员身高增长的事实，故选项A正确。B选项：全文没有提到NBA球员在美国很受欢迎，所以B选项属于无中生有。C选项：第一段的前两句只提及NBA球员身高的变化，而没有涉及其他方面的比较，C选项属于扩大范围。D选项：根据本段以及全文的内容，文章没有评估任何一位著名NBA球员的成就，所以D选项也属于无中生有。

根据文章第三段前三句，长高需要热量和营养物质，营养不良影响身高的增长，饮食和健康的改善有助于身高增长。综上可知，身高增长的关键因素包括营养物质，而这属于生活水平的范畴，故正确答案为C，A选项：第四段第4句提到，个体的基因结构限制了身高的增长，没有提及基因改变对身高的影响；同时，第五段第1句指出，基因的最大值不会很快地改变，更谈不上影响身高，故A选项错误。B选项：第二段第4句提到，“在现有的基因和环境条件下，我们已经达到了身高的极限”，但并没有提及自然环境对身高的影响，B选项也不能选。D选项：文中没有提及“日常锻炼”的相关内容，D选项属于无中生有。

第四段第3句指出，直立行走使我们的双脚和背部总是很费劲地保持两脚站立的姿势，难以轻松地承受过大的四肢带来的持续重力。接着第4句指出，每种生物的基因结构都有一些实质性的限制。也就是说，直立行走，即人类基因结构会对身高造成制约，因此B为正确选项。A选项：根据第二段第5句，NBA球员的身高增长是因为从全球招募球员，所以非美国人只是增加了NBA球员的平均身高，而不是整体美国人的平均高度，因此A选项错误。C选项：文章没有把美国人和全世界人的身高进行比较，也没有说美国人是全世界最高的，所以C选项是无中生有。D选项：根据第四段第2句，个头大的胎儿顺利通过产道的困难更大，没有提及larger babies是否在成年后也较高，所以D选项错误。

第五段最后一句指出：“如果你为了设计一款新的设备而需要预测人类在不久的将来的身高，戈登认为基本上‘你可以非常放心地采用目前的数据’"。由此可知，现有的人类身高数据是适用于将来的情况的，所以D选项符合原文。A选项：根据第五段第2句，90%的制服和工作服适合新招募的成员，无须改动。由此可知服装业不用重新考虑制服的尺码，所以A选项与原文内容相悖。B选项：根据第五段第3句，军装的尺寸（length）已经很久没有变化了。但B选项说的是服装的设计（design）没有变化，属于偷换逻辑主语，要排除。C选项：文章最后一段没有提及“基因测试会被用于遴选运动员”，所以属于无中生有。

纵观全文，本文从第二段开始就指出，美国人的身高从20世纪60年代开始就没有增长了；接着第三、四段分析了影响身高的因素，并指出美国人身高不再增长的真正原因是遗传因素；最后一段进一步指出美国人身高不再增长的情况不会很快改变。综上可知，本文的主旨是美国人的身高已经达到了基因上的极限，故选C，A、B两项把文章主题升至整个人类的身高问题，属于扩大范围。D选项不符合最后一段第1句Genetic maximums can change，but don't expect this to happen soon.（基因的最大值可以改变，但是不要期望改变会很快发生。这句话说明美国人的基因模式没有改变，所以D选项是正反混淆。