2020年PETS-3语法知识点：短语动词用法

掌握英语语法是学习英语最基本的一项技能，全国英语等级考试三级考试大纲要求考生掌握一些基本的英语语法，能在阅读、写作等过程中正确运用这些知识，达到正确理解、获取信息及表达思想的目的。希赛网英语三级频道为大家分享全国英语等级考试三级语法常考知识点。

短语动词用法及示例：

I.要点

英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

（1）动词+介词

常见的有look for,look after,send for,care about,ask for,laugh at,hear of（from）,add to,lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：

Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

（2）动词+副词

常见的有give up,pick up,think over,find out,hand in,point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

（3）动词+副词+介词

常见的有look down upon,go on with,break away from,add up to,catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

All his money added up to no more than$100.

After a short rest,he went on with his research work.

（4）动词+名词+介词

常见的有take care of,make use of,pay attention to,make fun of等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

（5）动词+形容词

常见的有leave open,set free,cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

（6）动词+名词

常见的有take place,make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

（7）辨析

give away（让给，暴露）和give up（放弃，停止）

put away（放起，收起）和put out（扑灭）

turn up（出席，放大）和turn on（打开）

keep out（阻止）和keep off（不让靠近）

make up（编造，补上）和make out（辨认）

take off（脱，起飞）和take out（拿出）

II.例题

例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keep up意为"继续";give away意为"分发";lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here's my card.Let's keep in ____.

A touch B relation C connection D friendship

解析：该题正确答案为A.keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。外语学习网

例3 ____!There's a train coming.

A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

解析：该题选A.look out意为"小心"。