英语科技文选自考2009年07月真题

英语科技文选自考2009年07月真题及答案解析

该试卷为自考英语科技文选历年真题试卷，包含答案及详细解析。

一、词缀题

Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8%)

1.accelerate 加速装置

2.contrast 对比的

3.alternance 可选择的

4.compass 包含

5.compare 可比的

6.bewilder 迷惑不解(名词)

7.attractive 诱引剂

8.different 区分

二、填空题

Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form. (12%)

11.stem from                                   in addition                                            at randompile of                                         in contrast                                             bump intoin the event of                            in all probability                                     bear outwithin reach of/one’s reach        be associated with                        take one’s place I_______________ an old friend of mine at the gas station.

12.The new work of his will_______________ among the most important paintings of this century.

13.Dependence on alcohol often________________ unhappiness in the home.

14.He asked his sister to look after his children________________ his death.

15.I’ve no idea where last Saturday’s newspaper is;_______________, it might have been thrown away.

16.The facts don’t______________your fears.

17.Isabelle placed a wine cup on the table__________________.

18.The first thing the secretary does is to sort out the_______________ documents and letters on his desk.

19.The lottery numbers are chosen_______________.

110.His bad behavior__________________ his difficult childhood.

111.It is hot in the day time, but________________it’s very cold at night.

112.I need your help.________________ , I need her support.

三、选词填空题

Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)

21.massive                likely                          whether                    Galaxy                  long                hits         from                 off                 was                   Milky  The cloud, called Smith’s Cloud, after the astronomer who discovered it in 1963, contains enough hydrogen to make a million stars like the Sun. Eleven thousand light-years (21)and 2,500 light-years wide, it is only 8,000 light-years(22)our Galaxy’s disk. It is rushing toward our (23)at more than 150 miles per second, aimed to strike the Milky Way’s disk at an angle of about 45 degrees. "This is most (24)a gas cloud left over from the formation of the Milky Way or gas stripped from a neighbor galaxy. When it (25), it could set off a tremendous burst of star formation. Many of those stars will be very (26). Over a few million years, it’ll look like a celestial New Year’s celebration, with huge firecrackers going (27)in that region of the Galaxy,” Lockman said. When Smith’s Cloud(28) first discovered, and for decades after, the available images did not have enough detail to show(29)the cloud was part of the Milky Way, something being blown out of the (30)Way, or something falling in.

四、用法说明题

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)

31.attributecustomarysubjectreminiscent ofcome into its own 31、你的讲述让我想起十年前的一次经历。32、他们把动物作为实验对象。33、直到20世纪中叶心理学才真正得到应有的重视。34、星期六晚上外出就餐是我们家的习惯。35、这幅未署名的画被误认为是张大千的作品。

五、翻译题

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)

41.Cyberspace, of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal computers connected by modems—via the telephone system—to commercial online services, as well as the millions more with high-speed links to local area networks, office Email systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic;communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit;low-flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees, connecting folks too far-flung or too much on the go to be tethered by wires. Someday even our television sets may be part of cyberspace, transformed into interactive “teleputers” by so-called full-service networks like the ones several cable-TV companies (including Time Warner) are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics and high-speed switches.

六、阅读理解题

Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)

51.

(A)     MIT scientists have cooled a sodium gas to the lowest temperature ever recorded—only half-a-billionth of a degree above absolute zero.    “To go below one nanokelvin is a little like running a mile under four minutes for the first time,” said Nobel laureate Wolfgang Ketterle, co-leader of the team.    “Ultra-low temperature gases could lead to vast improvements in precision measurements by allowing better atomic clocks and sensors for gravity and rotation,” said David E. Pritchard, a pioneer in atom optics and atom interferometry and co-leader of the MIT group.    The researchers also expect new phenomena to occur at such low temperatures involving, for example, how cold atoms interact with surfaces and how atoms move when they are confined to a narrow channel or layer. These gases form a remarkable state of matter called a quantum fluid, so studying their properties also provides new insights into the basic physics of matter.    At absolute zero (-273 degrees C or -460 degrees F), all atomic motion comes to a standstill since the cooling process has extracted all the particles’ energy. By improving cooling methods, scientists have succeeded in getting closer and closer to absolute zero. At room temperature, atoms move at the speed of a jet airplane. At the new record-low temperature, atoms are a million times slower—it takes them half a minute to move one inch.     In 1995, a group at the University of Colorado at Boulder and an MIT group led by Ketterle cooled atomic gases to below one microkelvin (one-millionth of a degree above absolute zero). In doing so they discovered a new form of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate, where the particles march in lockstep instead of flitting around independently. The discovery of Bose-Einstein condensates was recognized with the 2001 Nobel Prize in physics, which Ketterle shared with his Boulder colleagues Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman.     Since this breakthrough, many groups worldwide now routinely reach nanokelvin temperatures; the lowest temperature reported before now was 3 nanokelvin. The new record set by the MIT group is 500 picokelvin, or six times lower.    At such low temperatures, atoms cannot be kept in physical containers, because they would stick to the walls. Furthermore, no known container can be cooled to such temperatures. Therefore, the atoms are surrounded by magnets, which keep the gaseous cloud confined. "In an ordinary container, particles bounce off the walls. In our container, atoms are repelled by magnetic fields," explained physics graduate student Aaron Leanhardt. Which of the following do the researchers hope to know at the new record-low temperature?

A.How to improve precision in measurement.
B.How to form a quantum fluid.
C.How atoms interact with each other.
D.How atoms move in a narrow channel.

52.In the ultra-low temperature gas, atoms move ________.

A.as fast as a plane
B.as if running a mile under four minutes
C.at speed of half a minute
D.one inch for 30 seconds

53.The 2001 Nobel Prize in physics was attributed to ________.

A.the efforts made by MIT scientists
B.the efforts made by the scientists at the University of Colorado
C.the discovery of the Bose-Einstein condensate
D.improvements in precision measurements

54.According to this passage, the lowest temperature reported so far is________.

A.three nanokelvin
B.half-a-billionth of a degree above absolute zero
C.one microkelvin
D.one nanokelvin

55.Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?

A.At nanokelvin temperatures, particles bounce off the walls in an ordinary container.
B.At nanokelvin temperatures, atoms cannot be kept in an ordinary container.
C.There has never been a container that can be cooled to nanokelvin temperatures.
D.At nanokelvin temperatures, the magnetic force pushes the atoms away from each other.

56.

(B)      Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its vast sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.      More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional messages of Expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.      There is doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction; quite the contrary; it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to change, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.It can be learned from the passage that artistic creations________.

A.can be seen as the reflections, of the material world
B.seem to be incapable of escaping material advances
C.are said to have made great strides scientifically
D.appear to be the reproductions of modern technology

57.The inventions of new materials and welding techniques________.

A.are responsible for most of the changes in sculpture arts
B.enable sculptors to superimpose multiple sides of their designs
C.permit details of an object to be magnified and seen clearly
D.provoke artists to make themselves adaptable to the surroundings

58.According to the passage, Freud’s studies________.

A.are less comprehensible than most scientific inventions
B.are more controversial than any other scientific findings
C.have imposed much interference upon contemporary arts
D.have found their expression in the Surrealism’s claims

59.The Surrealists made every effort ________.

A.to transform real existence into incoherent dreams
B.to diminish all time barriers and moral judgments
C.to express their disconnected subconscious thoughts
D.to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images

510.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

A.Contemporary art has been nourished by modern science.
B.The impacts of modern art and science are actually mutual.
C.Destruction or break-up has been typical of modern art.
D.The art’s analysis of our world seems deeper than science’s.

七、信息题

Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage. (10%×2%)

61.        More accurate navigational aids such as gyroscopes, next-generation sensors including magnetic and gravitational sensors and clocks will all get a boost from the research from the latest physics Nobel Prize winners, who have been supported for years by the Office of Naval Research.       Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman and Wolfgang Ketterle were honored for their creation of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) in gases of atomic rubidium and sodium. Their scientific advances built on the work of Albert Einstein who did the math to show that when cooled, particles called bosons would stop flitting around and settle into a shared low-energy state. The researchers demonstrated this, showing that when cooled thousands and even millions of bosons will act coherently as one, allowing scientists to manipulate the “super-size boson.”      Cornell and Wieman, physicists working at the University of Colorado at Boulder used a combination of optical and magnetic trapping techniques, combined with a final evaporation stage, to coerce about 2,000 cooled rubidium atoms into a BEC in 1995. Shortly there after, Ketterle, working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was able to create an even larger BEC cloud out of sodium atoms using a different technique. BEC allows scientists to create a large group of atoms to show off the wave nature of matter.

八、写作题

Directions: Write a passage (150-200 words) in English on the following title. Develop the idea according to the Chinese outline given below. (15%)

71.My View on Cyber Love