​语言与文化自考2018年04月真题

语言与文化自考2018年04月真题及答案解析

该试卷为自考语言与文化历年真题试卷，包含答案及详细解析。

一、单项选择题

Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.Culture is a_______phenomenon in that each generation inherits the culture established by its forefathers.

A.historical
B.verbal
C.communicative
D.human

2.Culture in its broad sense is also called ______ culture.

A.behavioural
B.anthropological
C.academic
D.small

3.The supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom is _______.

A.prime minister
B.supreme court
C.congress
D.parliament

4.Connotations of words vary from culture to culture. In Chinese “宣传”is a neutral term. Its proper English equivalent is ______.

A.propaganda
B.publication
C.conveying information to
D.giving publicity to

5.Gerunds, participles and infinitives in English are collectively called_______.

A.auxiliary verbs
B.non-finite verbs
C.modal verbs
D.linking verbs

6.English speakers tend to be analytic thinkers. In contrast, Chinese people tend to be _____thinkers.

A.holistic
B.logical
C.abstract
D.deep

7.Which of the following is NOT the personal name related to knowledge, authority or fame?

A.John.
B.Abraham.
C.Henry.
D.Benjamin.

8.The English speaking people will say“______”when they need to pass in front of others.

A.I beg your pardon
B.I’m sorry
C.Excuse me
D.Never mind

9.The idiomatic expression “to have two left feet” means “______”.

A.to joke
B.to continue working hard
C.to just make it
D.to be clumsy

10.“A Romeo” refers to a handsome young man, passionate, dashing, who has a way with woman in English culture. It is an allusion from_______.

A.mythology
B.religion
C.history
D.literature

11.So far as ideas are concerned, which of the following Chinese metaphorical expressions makes the same analogy as the English expression “He keeps up-to-date by reading the New York Review of Books”?

A.味同嚼蜡
B.旧观念复活
C.新、旧观念
D.新思想萌芽

12.The red colour is usually associated with celebrations and joyful occasions, as in the following English expressions EXCEPT_______.

A.a red letter day
B.the red light district
C.paint the town red
D.the red carpet

13.To sound modest and humble, one might use ”鄙人” as______to refer to himself in ancient times.

A.a euphemism
B.an honorific
C.a taboo
D.a term of humility

14.The English euphemism for “ugly” is _______.

A.slender
B.plain looking
C.skinny
D.physically handicapped

15.Which connective should be put into the blank in order to show adversative relation between the following sentences? For the whole day he climbed up the steep mountainside, almost without stopping. _______he was hardly aware of being tired.

A.Yet
B.And
C.So
D.Then

16.If one has a conversation with his colleagues or classmates, the spoken style can be______.

A.formal
B.consultative
C.casual
D.intimate

17.The use of a large number of technical terms is the most salient feature of______.

A.newspaper reporting
B.brand names
C.advertisements
D.English for science and technology

18.All the planets got their names from Greco-Roman mythology EXCEPT______.

A.Mars
B.Venus
C.Earth
D.Mercury

19.Your friend is going to have an interview for a new job. You may_____to signify good luck to him.

A.stamp your foot
B.cross your forefinger and middle finger
C.wag your forefinger
D.chew your finger nails

20.Public territories are open to anyone and are seldom under constant control of any person or group, such as______.

A.Mother’s kitchen
B.father’s chair
C.classroom seats
D.library tables

二、多项选择题

Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

11.Models for the analysis of culture may include______.

A.key questions
B.the thematic model
C.seven facets
D.the sociological model

12.Some English words are related to the American history like “______”.

A.duke
B.Continental Congress
C.knight
D.the May Flower

13.Which of the following statements are TRUE?

A.In English all the prefixes are derivational morphemes.
B.The inflectional morphemes in English are mainly word endings.
C.The inflectional morphemes are also called grammatical morphemes.
D.When attached to words, the derivational morphemes do not change the word class of the words.

14.Parents select names for their children according to their______concepts shaped by the culture they are in.

A.moral
B.aesthetic
C.economic
D.political

15.The proverbs related to thrift are “______”.

A.From saving comes having
B.Wives and children are bills of charges
C.Tell money after your own father
D.Frugality is an estate alone

16.The following expressions that are associated with vigor and energy are “_______”.

A.a green old age
B.a greenhorn
C.green-eyed
D.to remain green forever

17.In English culture, anything related to privacy or considered personal are taboo, such as_______.

A.income
B.religious belief
C.family member
D.hobbies

18.The sentences in a text may be linked by_______means.

A.linguistic
B.grammatical
C.lexical
D.theoretical

19.The pronunciation difference between American and British English can be found in “______”

A.road
B.car
C.hero
D.chance

110.Nonverbal messages can be used to accent or emphasize distinct points in verbal messages, such as______.

A.pausing before saying something
B.saying something louder than usual
C.saying something quicker.
D.speaking in a lower voice

三、填空题

Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

21.Language is______in that there is no logical relationship between language elements and their meanings.

22.The word for the union in one Godhead of three persons, Father, Son and Holy Ghost is ______.

23.There are______passive sentences in English, which are active in form but passive in meaning, as illustrated by the sentence “The door locks easily”.

24.Americans value homemade objects. To ask if something, food, clothes or decorations of furniture, is homemade is a_______.

25.Generally, phrasal verbs occur often in______English, while their corresponding single words are frequently found in writing.

26.A______is a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by“like”or“as”.

27.Nowadays, most native speakers of English try to avoid sounding like a sexist. For example, _______is used to replace“chairman”to refer to a male or a female who presides a meeting.

28.In a normal text sentences are connected either hypotactically or_______.

29.English is a language notorious for the non-correspondence between pronunciation and spelling. One reason is that there are too many______words from other languages, such as “metre”from French.

210.Interpretation of nonverbal behaviors is_______dependent.

四、简答题

Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

31.What does culture emphasize when it is discussed in its narrow sense?

32.Which of the following words are positive in meaning in English but pejorative or neutral in Chinese? ambitions, boss, do-gooder, self-made man, individualism

33.Explain how English and Chinese advertising differ.

34.What functions do nonverbal messages have in human communication?

五、翻译题

Translation. (18%)

41.他浑身哆嗦，脸色苍白，步履缓慢，好像一动就疼痛。

42.请别挂，我看看他在不在。(电话用语)

43.black tea

44.Carry coals to Newcastle.

45.to miss the boat

46.your age (translate it into Chinese honourifics)

六、论述题

Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51.Define a proverb and illustrate how proverbs are related to culture, by referring to the following sentences.(1) Man propose, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。(2) 平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚。

52.How to define“common core”in English?