​语言与文化自考2017年04月真题

语言与文化自考2017年04月真题及答案解析

该试卷为自考语言与文化历年真题试卷，包含答案及详细解析。

一、单项选择题

Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.Language is the _______of cultural information.

A.determinant
B.presentation
C.carrier
D.component

2.Which of the following about language and thought is NOT true?

A.Language exerts limited influence on thought.
B.Language is influenced and shaped by thought.
C.Language is closely related to thinking.
D.Language is an instrument used in the communication of thought.

3.In 1863 Lincoln issued the ________to abolish slavery in the southern states of American.

A.Declaration of Independence
B.Homestead Act
C.National Constitution
D.Emancipation Proclamation

4.In a _______, people get served without having to leave their cars.

A.drive-in restaurant
B.motel
C.diner
D.large hotel

5.English is often said to be more ________than Chinese because the former has more grammatical morphemes than the latter.

A.grammatically explicit
B.derivationally implicit
C.subject prominent
D.topic prominent

6.There are more ______in Chinese than in English as regards the passive structure.

A.recipients
B.explicit passives
C.implicit passives
D.formal passive markers

7.If an English speaking person is complimented merely out of politeness on his Chinese, he may say “Oh, I wish it could be true”. The compliment may express_______as a response to a compliment.

A.happiness
B.agreement
C.refusal
D.modesty

8.Which of the following is NOT one of the commonest replies to apologies?

A.It’s all right.
B.It’s OK.
C.All right.
D.Never mind.

9.Which of the following is an idiom in relation to mannerisms?

A.To keep a straight face.
B.Mind one’s p’s and q’s.
C.To keep one’s nose clean.
D.A marriage of convenience.

10.“你真是个诸葛亮” is a(n)_______.

A.proverb
B.allusion
C.idiom
D.maxim

11.Which of the following Chinese metaphorical expressions makes the same analogy as the English expression “She fought for him, but his mistress won out”, so far as love is concerned?

A.爱得发狂
B.如胶似漆
C.畸形婚姻
D.征服所爱的人

12.Which of the following expressions involving the colour black has a good meaning in business English?

A.In the black.
B.Black market.
C.A black day.
D.In black and white.

13.Anything that is prohibited by religion, tradition or social usage is a(n)________.

A.euphemism
B.honorific
C.taboo
D.term of humility

14.A china god of longevity is NOT a proper birthday gift to an American friend in his fifties because_______.

A.it is fragile
B.it is too heavy
C.he has different religious belief
D.it may remind him of his old age

15.一Could you give me a lift home?—Sorry, I’m visiting my sister.Judging from the way the sentences are connected, we can say that the above text exhibits ________.

A.cohesion
B.coordination
C.coherence
D.cooperation

16.Temporal relations can be found in “_______”.

A.I’d love to join in. Only I don’t know how to play.
B.All the figures were correct. Yet the total came out wrong.
C.I was not informed. Otherwise 1 should have taken some action.
D.All the time, the Guard was looking at her, first through a telescope, and then through a microscope.

17.The following words are pronounced differently in American and British English EXCEPT ________.

A.also
B.why
C.path
D.mobile

18.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.In legal documents learned.words are used frequently.
B.Legal documents leave little room for ambiguity or misunderstanding.
C.Legal documents are normally stable and conservative.
D.Since legal documents are normally read by judges or lawyers, readability is not a serious

19.If a westerner is stamping his foot, it shows he is________.

A.angry
B.nervous
C.ashamed
D.impatient

20.The space that exclusively belongs to its owner is referred to as primary territory. The following are examples of primary territory EXCEPT________.

A.personal offices
B.father’s chair
C.one’s seat in the classroom
D.one’s own room at home

二、多项选择题

Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

11.It is important to remember that the term culture is________, being manifested by Western culture, Asian culture, etc.

A.specific
B.general
C.abstract
D.concrete

12.The words like “_______”reflect the dark side of English culture about sex morality.

A.striptease
B.lynch
C.love store
D.privacy

13.In English there are formal markers for cases in_______.

A.nouns
B.adjectives
C.pronouns
D.verbs

14.In English culture, when people introduce one to another, the general rule is to introduce ________.

A.a young person to an older one
B.a woman to a man
C.the host to the guest
D.an inferior to a superior

15.The proverbs related to navigation are “________”.

A.Life is but a walking shadow
B.It is a hard sailing when there is no wind
C.England is the ringing island
D.Any port in a storm

16.The same tenors are associated with the same vehicles in both English and Chinese to express similar meanings, as is seen in “_______”.

A.He’s as strong as a horse
B.You ass! You stupid ass! How could you do a thing like that?!
C.What a dull speech! He’s merely parroting what many others have said
D.One look at his face and we realized that a thunderstorm was about to break

17.The euphemisms for lavatory in English are________.

A.laundry room
B.restroom
C.WC
D.ladies’ room

18.The style one chooses for one’s speech depends on________.

A.one’s interlocutors
B.the topic
C.the setting or environment
D.one’s mood

19.Some brand names of the products are neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative in English culture, such as “_______”.

A.白象牌电池
B.青岛啤洒
C.蝙蝠牌电扇
D.鄂尔多斯羊毛衫

110.Nonverbal communication can be defined as________.

A.communication without words
B.communication in which speech sounds are used
C.anything someone does to which someone else assigns meaning
D.a discipline studying nonverbal behavior in independent thinking

三、填空题

Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

21.According to Nostrand, each culture has its own themes and no culture has more than twelve. His model for the analysis of culture is called the_______.

22.The word in British English for“timetable” is “_________ ” in American English.

23.________relations at the sentential level can be frequently found in constructions whose components are connected through the use of conjunctions.

24.In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their______. It’s common for students to call their professor “Tom”, for instance.

25.“The Garden of Eden” and “the forbidden fruit”are allusions from_______.

26.A______is an implied comparison between two or more unlike things, as in “His words stabbed at her heart.”

27.Honorifics are used to show respect to one’s interlocutors, while terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s________.

28.The door was open. He walked in. These two sentences are juxtaposed without any connectives in between, so they are _______related.

29.We know eggactly how to sell eggs. This example shows________are often used in English advertisements.

210.Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies________in English speaking countries.

四、简答题

Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

31.Eskimo tribes commonly have as many as seven different words of snow, while certain African cultures in the equatorial forest of Zaire have no word at all for snow. How does this example show the relationship between language and culture?

32.The word “weak”is of English origin and its synonym“fragile”of Latin origin. How are they used differently?

33.What does a news report normally consist of?

34.What categories can gestures be classified into?

五、翻译题

Translation. (18%)

41.他的钱被抢光了。

42.你好，我是玛丽，请问您哪位?(电话用语)

43.您过奖了。

44.不下雪的圣诞节

45.not to bat an eyelid

46.A big fish in a small pond.

六、论述题

Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51.Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English, while linear sentence patterns are preferred in Chinese?(Answer this question in relation to thinking patterns alone.)

52.Discuss the similarities or differences in the associative meanings of the colour red between English and Chinese, by referring to the following expressions. (1)a red letter day, the red carpet (2)红喜事，披红挂彩