​语言与文化自考2013年01月真题

语言与文化自考2013年01月真题及答案解析

该试卷为自考语言与文化历年真题试卷，包含答案及详细解析。

一、单项选择题

Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.______ claims that one’s thinking is completely determined by his language.

A.Anthropology
B.Linguistic relativity
C.Linguistic determinism
D.Sociology

2.The term “culture” is ______, being manifested by Western culture, Asian culture, Latin American culture, etc.

A.general but concrete
B.general and abstract
C.specific but abstract
D.specific and concrete

3.Culture is a social phenomenon because it is a ______ product of human societies.

A.technical
B.traditional
C.cooperative
D.language

4.“Business card” and “名片” differ in their ______ meaning.

A.conceptual
B.thematic
C.stylistic
D.reflected

5.It is suggested that Chinese people are good at holistic ______.

A.thinking
B.speaking
C.writing
D.doing

6.The interrogative information is located at the ______ position in English wh-questions.

A.final
B.post-verbal
C.initial
D.pre-objective

7.What would you say as a secretary in the office when you answer the phone call?

A.Hello. This is Mary speaking. Who’s calling?
B.Who’s calling，please?
C.Stone Company. Can I help you?
D.Good morning.

8.What could you say when your boss compliments you on your work，but you don’t think you have done a good job?

A.Thank you.
B.No. I don’t think I have done a good job.
C.No, but I should work harder.
D.Yes, but I should work harder.

9.Waterloo is an allusion derived from ______.

A.literature
B.religion
C.sports
D.history

10.In English ______ is associated with jealousy and envy.

A.white
B.black
C.green
D.red

11.“Don’t waste your thoughts on small projects” is a metaphorical expression related to ______.

A.ideas
B.love
C.life
D.people

12.“An Englishman’s house is his castle” is an English proverb. What kind of cultural value does this English proverb indicate to us?

A.Aggressiveness.
B.Hard work.
C.Self confidence.
D.Individualism.

13.It is rude to say someone is fat. Instead，we may say someone is ______.

A.heavy
B.hard
C.skinny
D.hot

14.Anything that is prohibited by religion, tradition or social usage is a taboo. There are behavioural and ______ taboos.

A.body
B.verbal
C.nonverbal
D.phonetic

15.Fish and beef is my favorite food. The components of the above sentence show ______ relations.

A.phonetic
B.hypotactic
C.paratactic
D.unparallel

16.Yesterday morning John went to a book store. After that, he watched a movie. The logical relationship between the above sentences is ______.

A.additive
B.adversative
C.causal
D.temporal

17.In contemporary legal documents, ______ are used thinly.

A.loan words
B.adjectives
C.punctuation marks
D.long sentences

18.Chinese news reports are usually presented in a(n) ______.

A.light tone
B.serious tone
C.humorous way
D.informal way

19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the ______ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.

A.relative rights
B.relationship
C.distance
D.relative obligation

20.In English speaking countries natural body odour, especially smell of ______, is thought to be undesirable.

A.perspiration
B.perfume
C.radishes
D.precipitation

二、多项选择题

Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

11.Language is used to ______ the world.

A.understand
B.shape
C.describe
D.determine

12.______ illustrates the relationship between English words and Christianity.

A.Anzac Day
B.Reformation
C.Protestant
D.Pudding

13.English pronouns are marked for the ______ case.

A.subjective
B.genitive
C.independent
D.determinative

14.When you receive an invitation from an English speaking person，which of the following are the appropriate replies to the invitation?

A.Thank you very much. I’ll try to come.
B.That would be lovely, but I am afraid I have my class at that time. Thank you all the same.
C.That would be nice. Thank you.
D.That’s very nice of you. But I’m not sure whether I will be free then. Can I call you back this evening?

15.Which of the following are examples of allusions?

A.An Oliver Twist.
B.To carry the ball.
C.Pride goes before a fall.
D.Homer sometimes nods.

16.Red has associative meanings for ______ in English culture.

A.unhappy feelings
B.running a business at a loss
C.emotions
D.revolution and communism

17.Which of the following are the English equivalents of the Chinese honorifics“您有何贵干”?

A.What brings you here?
B.What’s your opinion?
C.What’s the matter?
D.I’d like to know why you’re here.

18.It is important to note that textual connectives include ______ that function as linkages between sentences in a text.

A.conjunctions
B.words of other word classes
C.phrases
D.punctuations

19.Much of the ______ information is conveyed by eye behaviours.

A.factual
B.attitudinal
C.emotional
D.cultural

110.Westerners often draw a cross by touching the forehead, breast and shoulders to invoke the blessing of Christ, when they are ______.

A.angry
B.shocked
C.sad
D.amused

三、填空题

Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

21.______ is the primary function of language.

22.The Norman Conquest brought the ______ language to England.

23.In English the ______ for nouns is an obligatory category. When plurality is to be expressed, it must be marked explicitly.

24.He refused to accept my advice. He’s as stubborn as a ______, though he’s impulsive.

25.In Chinese letters, the sender and receiver’s addresses appear only on the ______.

26.“The good seaman is known in bad weather”is a proverb related to ______.

27.In English culture ______ is highly valued. For this reason, one can find only a few honorifics in English.

28.If the sentences in a text are linked by meaning alone, we say that they exhibit ______.

29.Many ______ terms in English show clearly the influence of Greco-Latin civilization upon the modern societies in the West. For example, botany, mathematics, atom, etc.

210.The social-consultative zone ranges from 4 to about 8 feet. It is often the distance at which Americans discuss ______.

四、简答题

Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

31.Why do we say that thought is a social product, part of culture?

32.What does “a Pandora’s box” allude to?

33.How did American English gain prestige and become one of the two main regional dialects of English?

34.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?

五、翻译题

Translation. (18%)

41.a needy family

42.to go to the washroom

43.Great men are not always wise.

44.当地政府给这个项目开了绿灯。

45.我们知道如何分清敌友。

46.谢谢你鼓励我。

六、论述题

Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51.“Do not wear out your welcome” is an English proverb，which reflects the culture of the English speaking countries. Discuss what this proverb indicates to you.

52.Why do some Chinese 1earners of English speak English as if they were reading aloud a book?