2013年吉林大学考博英语真题

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Part I Vocabulary (30%)

Section A

Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that would best keep the meaning of the original sentence.

1. The indomitable spirit displayed by athletes embodies the new look of this nation.

A. unsubdued B. brave C. determined D. industrious

2. Don’t trust the speaker any more, since his deeds are never compatible with his ideology.

A. Suitable for B. consistent with C. in harmony with D. in favor of

3. To my surprise, the young man was resourceful enough to find infinite ways to express his emotions with gestures.

A. imaginative B. imaginary C. plentiful D. versatile

4. In the Han Dynasty, the royal government sent special envoys to the western countries to disseminate the Chinese culture.

A. spread B. disclose C. analyze D. deliver

5. Although the project has been approved, many companies find the cost of implementation is prohibitively expensive.

A. determinedly B. amazingly C. forbiddingly D. incredibly

6. The market for processor chips is now a two-horse race, and Intel and AMD will probably alternate in technical leadership，suggests a research firm.

A. get over B. take turns C. concede D. stumble

7. He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations.

A. rational B. obscure C. worldly D. eminent

8. We have made great efforts to exterminate mosquitoes and flies in the tropical areas.

A. eliminate B. erase C. demolish D. ruin

9. Don’t drive the car if you are drunk, because death was instantaneous in a fatal accident.

A. instance B. spontaneous C. homogenous D. immediate

10. Given the current recessive real estate market，the Central Government has recently issued stimulus policies，in hopes of boosting the market demand.

A. agitating B. dwindling C. booming D. chaotic

Section B

Directions: In this section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Chose the one that best completes the sentence.

11. When ahas been accepted for publication, it is passed to an editor for detailed scrutiny.

A. mortgage B. monopoly C. manuscript D. maneuver

12. One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about

A. accidentally B. accordingly C. artificially D. additionally

13. The soccer team has had five victories in the last three years.

A. successive B. excessive C. subsequent D. eventual

14. As an important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public as offering tremendous benefits.

A. similarly B. the same C. a like D. likewise

15. It is that the Internet is exerting a growing important influence on people’s lives.

A. indistinctive B. indissoluble C. indispensable D. indisputable

16. The American dream is most during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.

A. plausible B. patriotic C. primitive D. partial

17. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just and needs proving.

A. spontaneous B. intuitive C. hypothetical D. empirical

18. The wealth of a country should be measured the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.

A. in line with B. in terms of C. regardless of D. by means of

19. Research can have no economic impact if the new scientific discoveries are not into marketable good and service.

A. launched B. translated C. dissected D. conveyed

20. The appearance of this used car is quite , and it is much newer than it really is.

A. descriptive B. impressive C. deceptive D. indicative

21. The storm was and changed course constantly at sea at that time.

A. chaste B. candid C. chaotic D. cardinal

22. The management should give to the workers，safety operation over every other consideration.

A. precedence B. coherence C. affluence D. coincidence

23. One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,in the San Francisco area.

A. remarkably B. severely C. drastically D. predominantly

24. Hill slopes were cleared of forests to make way for crops, which now only the crisis.

A. accelerates B. prevails C. ascends D. precedes

25. The prevents the people in the two neighboring nations from living in peace.

A. brevity B. amenity C. enmity D. fidelity

26. Some British universities are state-supported, others are privately and still others are supported by religious origination.

A. ensured B. attributed C. authorized D. endowed

27. Having a(n)attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one

has been well educated.

A. tolerant B. analytical C. bearable D. elastic

28. Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms with age as an inevitable outcome of living.

A. depress B. default C. degrade D. deteriorate

29. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships follow traffic rules in busy harbors.

A. dutifully B. cautiously C. faithfully D. skillfully

30. One of the biggest to the economic reform of this area has been the lack of access to international markets.

A. prophecies B. transactions C. arguments D. hindrances

Part H Cloze (10%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production — capital. The ownership of large amount of capital can bring 31 profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, 32 , have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of 33 that they call “post-industrial” society. One important change in such a society is that the ownership of 34 amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important 35 of profits and influences ； knowledge as well as 36 capital brings profits and influence.

There are many 37 with the thesis above, not the least of 38 is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not 39 the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the 40 of some new industries indicates 41 , genetic engineering and the new computer technology have 42 many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In 43 with criticism of the post-industrial society thesis, however, it must also be 44 that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i. e. , major corporations) soon 45 to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.

Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly 46 . Many new high tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying service 47 . Something like a class line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the 48 of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try illiteracy in the English language has been a severe 49 for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and 50 them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.

31. A. quantitative B. extensive C. comprehensive D. sophisticated

32. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. furthermore

33. A. aggression B. proficiency C. productivity D. evolution

34. A. dominant B. impressive C. magnificent D. significant

35. A. source B. factor C. component D. element

36. A. adequate B. profitable C. material D. spiritual

37. A. advantages B. consequences C. problems D. potentials

38. A. them B. those C. which D. that

39. A. deny B. refuse C. admit D. acknowledge

40. A. emergence B. innovation C. extinction D. discovery

41. A. In addition B. For example C. Above all D. In short

42. A. produced B. created C. improved D. facilitated

43. A. line B. need C. doubt D. match

44. A. idealized B. recognized C. supervised D. summarized

45. A. stepped in B. settled down C. leaned over D. turned out

46. A. accessible B. important C. popular D. abundant

47. A. enterprises B. employment C. professions D. industries

48. A. control B. mastery C. search D. pursuit

49. A. handicap B. penalty C. inconvenience D. shortcoming

50. A. enforce B. punish C. impose D. condemn

Part in Reading Comprehension (60%)

Directions: There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage 1

Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton. Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been bom yet，or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved. But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.

For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to share. Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager 一 Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.

“The independence created by philosophical insight is — in my opinion — the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (IE) or specialist and a real seeker after truth，” Einstein wrote in 1944. And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem. Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical _ and rewarding — efforts. “ Maybe there is an Einstein out there today，” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “ but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.” Especially considering what Einstein was proposing. “The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution. ”

Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations. What might happen to such a submission today? “We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file. ”

51. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?

A. Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.

B. It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.

C. No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.

D. It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.

52. What was critical to Einstein’s success?

A. His talent as an accomplished musician.

B. His independent and abstract thinking.

C. His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.

D. His solid foundation in math theory.

53. What does the author tell us about physicists today?

A. They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.

B. They are very good at solving practical problems.

C. They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.

D. They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.

54. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Para. 9) ?

A. People have to compete in order to get their papers published.

B. It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.

C. Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.

D. Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.

55. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein .

A. forgot to make footnotes and citations

B. was little known in academic circles

C. was known as a young genius in math calculations

D. knew nothing about the format of academic papers

Passage 2

For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine (尿).After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems that those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment. Or at least that’s the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, said Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.

The best evidence to date concerns folate （口十酸），one of the B vitamins. It’s been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos （胚胎），and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair. The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who already have heart disease, the vitamin doesn’t seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage. Despite vitamin C’s great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes （有*泄）

any excess.

The multivitamins question boils down to this： Do you need to wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that there’s enough evidence that they don’t hurt and could help? If the latter, there’s no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems. Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense.

56. At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed that multivitamins

A. could not easily be absorbed by the human body

B. were potentially harmful to people’s health

C. were too expensive for daily consumption

D. could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies

57. According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements •

A. often result in misleading conclusions

B. take time and will not produce conclusive results

C. should be conducted by scientists on a larger scale

D. appear to be a sheer waste of time and resources

58. It has been found that vitamin £ .

A. should be taken by patients regularly and persistently

B. can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart disease

C. has a preventive but not curative effect on heart disease

D. should be given to patients with heart disease as early as possible

59. It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins .

A. may bring about serious side effects

B. may help prevent excessive bleeding

C. are likely to induce the blockage of arteries

D. are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies

60. The author concludes the passage with the advice that .

A. the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of exercise and a balanced diet

B. it’s risky to take multivitamins without knowing their specific function

C. the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be overestimated

D. it’s reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily

Passage 3

The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go. But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and

more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis； college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out — often encouraged by college administrators.

Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves — they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and does not explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cannot absorb an army of untrained 18- year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained 22- year-olds, either. Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school.

We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college does not make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things — maybe it’s just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are only the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy （异端邪说）to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary

evidence is beginning to mount up.

61. According to the passage, the author believes that •

A. people used to question the value of college education

B. people used to have full confidence in higher education

C. all high school graduates went to college

D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college

62. In the Line 2, the 2nd paragraph, “those who don’t fit the pattern” refers to .

A. high-school graduates who aren’t suitable for college education

B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis

C. college students who aren’t any better for their higher education

D. High school graduates who failed to be admitted to college

63. The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because •

A. young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college

B. many young people are required to join the army

C. young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education

D. young people don’t like the intense competition for admission to graduate school

64. According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that

A. society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates

B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education

C. too many students have to earn their own living

D. college administrators encourage students to drop out

65. In this passage the author argues that .

A. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates

B. college education is not enough if one wants to be successful

C. college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people

D. intelligent people may learn quicker if they don’t go to college

Passage 4

The recent news of the successful cloning of an adult sheep — in which the sheep’s DNA was inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg to produce a lamb with identical DNA — has generated an outpouring of ethical concerns. These concerns are not about Dolly, the now famous sheep, nor even about the considerable impact cloning may have on the animal breeding industry, but rather about the possibility of cloning humans. For the most part, however, the ethical concerns being raised are exaggerated and misplaced, because they are based on erroneous views about what genes are and what they can do. The danger, therefore, lies not in the power of the technology, but in the misunderstanding of its significance.

Producing a clone of a human being would not amount to creating a “ carbon copy ” 一 an automaton of the sort familiar from science fiction. It would be more like producing a delayed identical twin. And just as identical twins are two separate people — biologically, psychologically, morally and legally, though not genetically — so to embrace a belief in genetic determinism — the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insignificant. The overwhelming consensus among geneticists is that genetic determinism is false.

As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they have also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their “expression”. The genetic contribution to the simplest physical traits, such as height and hair color, is significantly mediated by environmental factors. And the genetic contribution to the traits we value most deeply, from intelligence to compassion, is conceded by even the most enthusiastic genetic researchers to be limited and indirect. Indeed, we need only appeal to our ordinary experience with identical twins 一 that they are different people despite their similarities 一 to appreciate that genetic determinism is false. Furthermore, because of the extra steps involved, cloning will probably always be riskier 一 that is, less likely to result in a live birth — that in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. For example, it took more than 275 attempts before the researchers were able to obtain a successful sheep clone. While cloning methods may improve, we should note that even standard IVF techniques typically have success rate of less than 20 percent. So why would anyone go to the trouble of cloning?

66. What process resulted in the successful cloning of an adult sheep?

A. In vitro fertilization.

B. Embryo transfer.

C. The insertion of a mature sheep’s DNA into an unfertilized egg.

D. The adoption of physical and genetic characteristics.

67. According to the essay, in what respect the relationship between a cloned human being and its counterpart is similar to the relationship of twins?

A. Both a cloned human being and a part of twins have the same conceptions of morality.

B. The environment one is bom into affects their conceptions of reality.

C. The connection is strictly genetic.

D. The similarities are biological, legal, moral and psychological.

68. What does the concept of genetic determinism state?

A. That each individual’s DNA determines their capabilities in life regardless of environmental morality.

B. Environmental factors greatly influence persons’ actions and beliefs.

C. Both genes and environments determine human traits.

D. Identical twins have the capacity to be completely independent beings and have individual ideas.

69. What are examples of genetic contribution?

A. Hair and eye color.

B. A child’s attitude towards their parents.

C. A person’s values.

D. Fashion style.

70. According to the passage, where does the danger of cloning lie in?

A. The power of technology.

B. Ethical and moral issues.

C. The mistaken understanding of its significance.

D. The exact replication of dangerous people.

Passage 5

The greatest devastation of old age is the loss of mental faculties, and with the near doubling of life expectancy in the past century has come the mixed blessing of living longer and losing more. A few great thinkers and artists remained productive in their later years — Galileo, Monet, Shaw, Stravinsky, Tolstoy — but even they were not what they had been in their primes. In science, the boom falls sooner still： <4A person who has not made his great contribution to science before the age of 30 will never do so，’’ said Einstein.

Imagine if we could transplant old brains into younger bodies: would our minds stay young, or would we be senile teenagers, scaling mountains and skateboarding at 120, but forgetting where we put the car keys? Is the brain uniquely vulnerable to the ravages of time? Can anything be done? Incontrovertible evidence from many studies shows that a higher level of education and greater mental activity throughout life correlate with lower cognitive losses in old age. These benefits apply to all sorts of cognitive losses, including those associated with Alzheimer’s. Some researchers believe that mental application in early life produces complex neural connections that provide a reserve later on； others argue that education merely gives people the means to cope with and compensate for their losses. K. Warner Schaie, a professor of human development and psychology at Pennsylvania State University, has studied age-related change in more than 5, 000 people, some for more than 40 years.

Comparing earlier with later recruits, Mr. Schaie concludes that the rate of mental decline is slowing，a change he attributes to better education, healthier diet, lessened exposure to serious disease, and more mental activity. “You’ve got to practice,” Mr. Schaie says, “If you don’t solve problems, you no longer can solve problems. ” Retirement can be particularly hard, he adds, because for many people, work is their most challenging activity. “ Retirement is good for people who，ve had routine jobs — they may find something more stimulating. But it’s disadvantageous for people in high-level jobs, who are less likely to find something as stimulating as the job they had. ”

K. Anders Ericsson, a psychology professor at Florida State University, confirms Mr. Schaie’s emphasis on the virtue of practice. Initially interested in expert performers like musicians, he found that many ostensible geniuses aren’t really so different from everyone else — they just practice harder and longer, benefiting from sheer labor, rather than from some special gift. Professional musicians who continue to practice assiduously as they age continue to play well, while amateurs who just play for pleasure show age-related declines.

Mr. Ericsson’s studies failed to show significant generalized benefits from mental exercise. “If you play tennis, you improve your general fitness, but the greatest improvement is specific to tennis, not to other sports. It’s the same with cognitive exercise. You have to look at your life and pick what you want to improve. ”

71. According to the text, most great thinkers and artists •

A. were productive even in their later years

B. were most successful before the age of 30

C. made contributions regardless of age

D. contributed the most before old age

72. The third passage tells us that higher levels of education .

A. can help prevent Alzheimer’s

B. are related to greater mental awareness in youth

C. are related to lower levels of mental decline in old age

D. are only of many factors that can slow the rate of mental decline

73. In this text the author’s main intent is to .

A. underscore the difficulties related to aging

B. critique different theories of mental decline in old age

C. argue that old age need not be a barrier to great accomplishments

D. understand how people can counter the impacts of aging on mental faculties

74. Retirement can be good for people who .

A. have always had very busy work lives

B. can find more stimulating activities than they had through work

C. have had high-level jobs or very stimulating work experiences

D. have previously had unsatisfying work experiences

75. The last paragraph tells us that mental exercise •

A. offers benefits specific to that kind of exercise

B. should be paired with physical exercise for maximum benefit

C. is comparable to physical activities in terms of its importance to overall health

D. can counter age-related mental decline

Passage 6

I work as an office assistant in a small but growing garden equipment manufacturing company in California. A few months ago，my boss gave me the job of writing some sales letters which would be sent to the existing customers of our company. The objective was to get some of our existing customers to purchase a new product that our company had just launched.

Now, I had never written sales letters before in my life and had no idea of how to write even the first word. And even if I ended up writing a few lines，because I was so inexperienced, chances were that the sales letters and business letters, would bomb completely and would hardly generate any sales for our company. So, in order to learn how to create more effective sales letter I went to the Internet and looked up a few sites which were selling samples, templates and examples of sales letters that claimed would “increase sales by 10 000%”. Because they weren’t too expensive, I bought 2 such packages. Big mistake. I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! So I searched some more, and came across a site belonging to a person living in Maryland called Yanik Silver. He too was selling some templates and samples of sales letters and business letters. After having been duped with 2 such packages, I was naturally suspicious. I read through his site and found that he was offering a money back guarantee.

While that made me feel a bit more comfortable, I first had to determine whether this person would be around to honor the guarantee should I want to return the package. So I sent an email to him (just to test whether he replies to customers，emails) and I got a reply from him within 4 hours. I also saw a comment in his site by one of his customers who had actually got a refund from him as soon as he had asked for the refund. Feeling more comfortable, I decided to go ahead and buy the package that he was selling. Well, I

was blown away! The samples, examples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in his package were precisely the ones that I was looking for. And they were far, far better than any of the templates included in the 2 other packages I had bought. I quickly customized one of the sales letter templates to fit my needs, had it approved by my boss, and sent them over to our customers. Within 2 weeks from the time that I sent out the letter, about 36% of the customers who received the letter ended up buying our new product. You could say that my boss was impressed with what I had done! Since then, I have written quite a few sales letters for our company (simply by customizing the templates included in Yank’s package) and all of them have generated excellent sales for us. So, if you want to learn how to write sales letters that get the sale, I highly recommend Yanik’s package.

76. The purpose of the letters the author was asked to write was to .

A. convey information about his company to new customers

B. promote a new product to regular customers

C. increase the sales of a new product among regular customers

D. explain the strengths of a new product to existing customers

77. The sample letters and templates were so bad that •

A. customers complained about their content and formats

B. the author felt that he could have written better ones

C. customers ended up by refusing to give any reply

D. they annoyed the customers and the boss, too

78. Yanik Silver promises that •

A. he will reply within 4 hours when he receives an email from a customer

B. a customer will be refunded if his samples and templates do not work

C. he will go over to customers to see what letters suit their situation better

D. he will pay the postage if the samples and templates are returned in a parcel

79. To “customize” (the fourth paragraph) something means to “

A. order it and have it delivered over

B. change it and make it attractive

C. modify it to suit one’s purpose

D. purchase it on regular basis

80. This passage is most probably used for .

A. promotion B. instruction C. guidance D. introduction

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