2015年南京航空航天大学考博英语真题

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Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a series of identical classrooms in which teachers do most of the talking and students have little opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are team teaching and teacher aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather than on trying to tell them everything, and schools designed for maximum flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large-group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to organizing instruction scientifically and to bringing new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when they are taught the same thing, in the same way, at the same time. There is no escaping the evidence that many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility for the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the student where he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the student's opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. All the available resources for instruction, including the teacher, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.

46．The author is mainly concerned with ______.

A．providing the possibility for students to take the courses they want

B．making technology an active tool in the school

C．relieving the teacher from routine duties

D．meeting the needs of each student

47．It can be inferred from the article that a good educational system must ______.

A．not depend on teachers

B．make use of varying methods of teaching

C．place a renewed emphasis on science

D．not organize their instruction

48．The author suggests that the basic role of the teacher in the educational system should be ______.

A．as a lecturer        B．that of a technologist

C．as the source of knowledge        D．much more than that of classroom teaching

49．The negative reactions of students to technology are the result of ______.

A．unknown factors        B．a general hostility toward education

C．its misuse        D．its newness in the schools

50．All of the following are mentioned as a capability of technological media EXCEPT their ability to ______.

A．make it easier for students to obtain needed information

B．provide many ways of teaching the same thing

C．make learning easy and fun

D．provide students with enrollment exam

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