2013年华东师范大学考博英语真题

华东师范大学2013年博士英语真题

Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (15%)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A9 B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

1. A good teacher must know how to     his students to work hard at the subject he teaches.

A. Mortify          B. Motivate         C. Multiply        D. muster

2. We need all information       to the economic aspects of that company's activities.

A. perceptible       B. pertaining        C. periodic         D. persistent

3. Our hotel can       double the number of guests participating in your conference.

A. ascribe          B.accommodate      C. assert          D. avert

4. Most adults do not feel       to deal with a medical emergency involving a child.

A. compatible       B. considerate      C. competent       D. confidential

5. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons

slowly into the sky.

A. ascending       B.elevating         C. floating         D. lingering

6. Giving a gin can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their       and the importance you place upon the relationship.

A. solidarity       B.priority           C. superiority       D. hospitality

7. It was a very difficult examination,       he passed it with distinction.

A. consequently    B. moreover         C. nevertheless      D. likewise

8. He is a/an      and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little.

A. obedient       B.transient          C. conscious         D. passionate

9. He is the only person who can       in this case because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.

A. testify         B. charge           C. accuse            D. rectify

10. As the details of the project were rather vague, we decided to       the proposal.

A. reclaim        B. resign            C. reject            D. resemble

11. It is from the earliest times       men have studied the world around them with interest.

A. which B. where C. how D. that

12.        we had not made any mistakes in the calculations!

A. But for B. If only C. Let D. Without

13. How difficult it is       the modern world without oil.

A. Imagining          B. imagined          C. to imagine        D. have imagined

14. Man is superior to animals       he uses language to convey his thoughts.

A. that               B. in that C. when D. in which

15. Reading       the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.

A. rectifies B.prolongs C. minimizes         D. furnishes

16.        a position with the company, I would have shown myself at the reception.

A. Had I B. Have I C. Should I D. Had I had

17. Most of what Bill said was     ; only one or two minor points he made were not closely connected with the matter being discussed.

A. reliable B. relative C. related D. relating

18. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs twice       .

A. as much B.so much C. that much D. too much

19. Young drivers under 25 have the highest number of accidents while those over 50 have       .

A. the less          B. the least C. the fewer         D. the fewest

20. Fred always      doing the washing-up by saying that he is busy working in the garden.

A. gets out of       B. gets over with      C. gets rid of        D. gets through with

21. If you think you can do my job better than i can, you are welcome to        .

A. take it down     B. take it up          C. take it over        D. take it in

22. Without a doubt,       the key issue in the President's campaign.

A. is taxation going to be                 B. is going taxation to be

C. is going to be taxation                 D. taxation is going to be

23. Catherine won't mind if you       her workload —she needs the extra money.

A. amount to      B. add to            C. put up            D. go on

24. The exchange of goodwill mission greatly the two countries      a better understanding between.

A. carries out      B.brings around        C. breaks out        D. contributes to

25.        the assignments are turned in before the end of this week.

A. See it that      B.Make it sure that      C. Assure that       D. See that

26. Light waves and heart waves are all electromagnetic       are radio waves.

A. Some         B. Such               C. As              D. So

27. Every object in the universe,       large or small, has a tendency to move towards every other object.

A. how           B. so                  C. be it            D. whether being

28. Have a word with the manager       if he's willing to reduce the price.

A. and to see     B. and see              C. and seeing       D. so to see

29. I think we       buy this one. We're not going to find anything cheaper.

A. may as well    B.would like           C. may well         D. can possibly

30. In a few days you'll be       by one of our staff and asked to complete a quick questionnaire.

A. touched      B.contacted             C. connected        D. associated

Part II: Cloze (20%)

Directions: Read the passage through, then go back and choose one item of suitable word (s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word (s) you have chosen with a single line across the bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.

Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.  31  that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still  32

in their minds. American watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U.S. history, on  33  TV. Anyone who didn't know it before should have learned that bad things can happen and they are made  34  worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as  35  to work together before everything goes to hell.

Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the  36  condition. In A. D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work  37  , in the same snot until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a  38  of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at  39  themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we  40  did about the dangers we face. But it turns  41  that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is  42  the storm, the quake or the  43  itself. More often, it is ourselves.

So what has happened in the year that  44  the disaster on the Gulf Coast? In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls to  45  they were before Katrina, more or less. That's not  46  , we can now say with confidence. But it may be all  47  can be expected from one year of hustle.

Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to  48  the sick and the disabled. The city estimates that 15, 000 people will need a  49  out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The  50   with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.

31. A. To           B. By          C. On              D. For

32. A. fresh         B.obvious       C. apparent          D. evident

33. A. visual        B. vivid         C. live              D. lively

34. A. little         B. less          C. more             D. much

35. A. reluctance     B. rejection      C. denial           D. decline

36. A. natural       B.world         C. social            D. human

37. A. revising      B. refining       C. rebuilding        D. retrieving

38. A. review       B. reminder      C. concept          D. prospect

39. A. preparing     B. protesting     C. protecting        D. prevailing

40. A. never        B. ever          C. then             D. before

41. A. up           B. down         C. over            D. out

42. A. merely       B. rarely         C. incidentally      D. accidentally

43. A. surge        B. spur           C. surf            D. splash

44. A. ensued       B. traced         C. followed        D. occurred

45. A. which        B.where         C. what            D. when

46. A. enough       B. certain        C. conclusive       D. final

47. A. but          B. as            C. that             D. those

48. A. exile         B. evacuate      C. dismiss          D. displace

49. A. ride          B. trail          C. path            D. track

50. A. conventions   B. notifications   C. communications   D. negotiations

Part III: Reading Comprehension (25%)

Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center:

Passage 1

Is happiness proportional to income to the money a person has? Is a man with two rooms and loaves of bread happier than a man with only one of each? Clearly poverty and destitution (that is, having no room and no bread) do produce unhappiness. Obviously, men need money to buy the necessities of life.

But this presents another question. How many rooms and how many loaves of bread (and thus how much money) does a man need? Most people in the Western world can satisfy a minimal requirement for the necessities of life, but they still desire to increase their incomes to buy more and more material possessions and status symbols. Why?

The answer may be that as things are today, if a man is not rich, admiration and respect are not given him by other people. Accordingly this may be the chief reason why people wish to be richer and richer, as the actual goods or possessions play a secondary part to the envy or admiration that this wealth brings them. This veneration from other people may be a greater source of happiness than the money or possessions themselves.

This has not, however, always been true. In aristocratic ages men were admired for their birth and breeding. In other ages men would not have been respected if they had not proved their artistic excellence or learning. In India, for example, poor and saintly men are respected, and in China, the old and wise. In such circles many men are, as long as they have enough to live on, indifferent to money. They value more and are happier with the respect they merit for other reasons.

The modern desire for wealth is not inherent in human nature, and varies with social values. If, by law, we all had exactly the same income, we should have to find some other way of being superior to our peers, as most of our craving for material possessions would cease. Thus a general increase of wealth gives no competitive advantage to an individual and therefore brings him no competitive happiness.

51. Which of the following is the author's point in the first paragraph?

A. The more one earns, the more he wants.

B. Rooms and bread are the only sources of happiness.

C. One can't be happy without money.

D. Poor people need money to buy the necessities of life.

52. Most people in the Western world           .

A. are not content with what they possess

B. are not sure how many rooms they want

C. are satisfied with having minimal necessities of life

D. consider happiness most important in life

53. According to the author, people seeking wealth are actually in pursuit of           .

A. goods     B. scholarship     C. wisdom      D. veneration

54. According to the passage, in China, people generally respect those who are           .

A. old and wise

B. of high breeding

C. poor and holy

D. artistically excellent

55. The author suggests that Man would cease chasing after money if           .

A. he were not born with the desire for it

B. social values were emphasized

C. it did not carry sense of superiority with it

D. laws were established to forbid all forms of competition

Passage 2

The crucial years of the Depression,as they are brought into historical focus, increasingly emerge as the decisive decade for American art, if not for American culture in general. For it was during this decade that many of the conflicts which had blocked the progress of American art in the past came to a head and sometimes boiled over. Janus-faced, the thirties look backward, sometimes as far as the Renaissance; and at the same time forward, as far as the present and beyond. It was the moment when artists, like Thomas Hart Benton, who wished to turn back the clock to regain the virtues of simpler times came into direct conflict with others, like Stuart Davis and Frank Lloyd Wright, who were ready to come to terms with the Machine Age and to deal with its consequences.

America in the thirties was changing rapidly. In many areas the past was giving way to the present, although not without a struggle, a predominantly rural and small town society was being replaced by the giant complexes of the big cities, power was becoming increasingly centralized in the federal government and in large corporations. Many Americans, deeply attached to the old way of life, felt disinherited. At the same time, as immigration decreased and the population became more homogeneous, the need arose in art and literature to commemorate the ethnic and regional differences that were fast disappearing. Thus, paradoxically, the conviction that art, at least, should serve some purpose or carry some message of moral uplift grew stronger as the Puritan ethos lost its contemporary reality. Often this elevating message was a sermon in favor of just those traditional American virtues, which were now threatened with obsolescence in a changed social and political context.

In this new context, the appeal of the paintings by the regionalists and the American Scene painters often lay in their ability to recreate an atmosphere that glorified the traditional American values —self-reliance tempered with good-neighborliness, independence modified by a sense of community, hard work rewarded by a sense of order and purpose. Given the actual temper of the times, these themes were strangely anachronistic, just as the rhetoric supporting political isolationism was equally inappropriate in an international situation soon to involve America in a second world war. Such themes gained popularity because they filled a genome need for a comfortable collective fantasy of a God-fearing, white-picket fence America, which in retrospect took on the nostalgic appeal of a lost Golden Age.

In this light, an autonomous art-for-art's sake was viewed as a foreign invade liable to subvert the Native American desire for a purposeful art. Abstract art we assigned the role of the villainous alien; realism was to personify the genuine American means of expression. The arguments drew favor in many camps: among the artists, because most were realists; among the politically oriented intellectual because abstract art was apolitical; and among museum officials, because they wet surfeited with mediocre imitations of European modernism and were convinced the American art must develop its own distinct identity. To help along this road to self-definition, the museums were prepared to set up an artificial double standard, on for American art, and another for European art. In 1934, Ralph Flint wrote in Art News, “We have today in our midst a greater array of what may be called second, third, and fourth string artists than any other country. Our big annuals are marvelous outpouring of intelligence and skill; they have all the diversity and animation of fine-ring circus.

56. According to the passage, in the 1930s, abstract art was seen as

A. uniquely America

B. uniquely European

C. imitative of European modernism

D. counter to American regionalism

57. The second paragraph deals mainly with           in America.

A. the rapid growth of urban population

B. the impact of industrialization on rural life

C. the disappearance of traditional values

D. the changing scenes in religion and politics

58. According to the passage, the best word to describe America in the 1930s would be         .

A. reactionary    B. consistent      C. dynamic       D. melancholic

59. “The artificial standard” (Para 4) refers to the difference between standards of judgment for         .

A. realism and abstract art

B. politically oriented intellectuals and museum officials

C. European art and American art

D. landscape painting and abstract painting

60. The best choice for the title the passage would be         .

A. The Thirties in Art: Reaction and Rebellion

B. America in the Thirties: a Changing Time

C. Thomas Hart Benton and Regionalism

D. American Art: Appeal and Diversity

Passage 3

Most people who developed Lyme disease, a tick-born infection that's endemic in parts of the Northeast and Midwest, are easily cured by taking an antibiotic like doxycycline for a couple of weeks. But for years a debate has raged over what to do about patients whose symptoms (fatigue, mental confusion, joint pain) never seem to clear up. One small but vocal group of doctors and patient advocates believes that Lyme's corkscrew-shaped spirochetes have tunneled deep into their victims' bodies and can be eradicated only with intensive antibiotic treatment over many months. Another group believes, just as adamantly, that further treatment with powerful antibiotics —which can lead to potentially fatal infections or blood clots —positively dangerous.

Now comes word of two studies in the New England Journal of Medicine that show that long-term antibiotic treatment is no better than a placebo for folks with chronic Lyme disease. Originally scheduled for publication in July, the research is part of a group of findings made public last week —just in time for the peak Lyme months of June and July. If confirmed by another major study that's looking at chronic Lyme and antibiotics from a slightly different perspective, the results would seem to settle the question once and for all.

Researchers from Boston, New Haven, Conn., and Valhalla, N. Y., followed 129 patients who had previously been treated for well-documented cases of Lyme disease. Sixty-four were given antibiotics directly into their veins for a month, followed by two months of oral antibiotics. The others received dummy medications, a third of the chronic Lyme patients got better while taking the antibiotics. But so did a third of those on the placebo. Indeed, the results were so similar that a monitoring board decided to cut the trials short rather than add more subjects to the test groups.

Unfortunately, the debate over chronic Lyme had become so heated that no one expects the controversy to go away. But both sides may take comfort in the other findings that were released by the New England Journal last week. After studying 482 subjects bitten by deer ticks in a part of New York with a lot of Lyme disease, researchers concluded that a singly 200mg dose of doxycycline dramatically cut the risk of contracting the disease. That good news is tempered somewhat by the fact that 80% of patients who develop the infection don't remember ever being bitten by a tick. (The bugs inject an anesthetic into the skin to mask the pain and in their nymph stage are so small 一about the size of a poppy seed —that they are easily overlooked.)

There is still plenty you can do to protect yourself in a Lyme-infested neighborhood:tuck your pants in your socks, spray DEEt on your clothing, and check yourself and your kids for ticks. And if you develop a spreading red rash —particularly if it's accompanied by joint pain, chills or confusion —make sure you see a doctor right away. The trick, as always ,is to be vigilant without overreacting.

61. According to the passage, Lyme disease         .

A. is one of the contagious diseases

B. is spread by a kind of tiny bugs

C. causes infection all over the body

D. develops against any painkillers

62. With respect to treating chronic Lyme,          .

A. even the patients doubt the antibiotic treatment

B. doxycycline has been regarded as the most effective

C. doctors disagree as to the effect of strong antibiotics

D. moderate antibiotics are better than intensive ones

63. How is the experiment with 129 patients related to the argument stated in Paragraph 2 ?

A. It aims to look at the problem from a different perspective.

B. The experiment result shows the contrary to the argument.

C. The experiment result gives a support to the argument.

D. It aims to provide an alternative solution to the problem.

64. The good news to both sides of the debate is that         .

A. an infected majority didn't sense any tick biting

B. one dose of antibiotics may prevent the infection

C. doxycycline is strong enough to end the infection

D. antibiotics live up to their reputation to cure Lyme

65. In what kind of style is the passage written?

A. Narrative.       B.Argumentative.     C. Informative.     D. Descriptive.

Passage 4

Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time. Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience. E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren't necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she'd been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool. The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do something interesting or see a great movie perhaps—and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may tire of telling the story. With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have said at your convenience. E-mail is also an inexpensive way to stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college. We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don't eliminate any of the old ways.

66. The purpose of this passage is to         .

A. explain how to use the Internet

B. describe the writer's joy of keeping up with the latest technology

C. tell the merits and usefulness of the Internet

D. introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet

67. The use of E-mail has made it possible for the writer to         .

A. spend less time working

B. have more free time with his child

C. work at home on weekends

D. work at a speed comfortable to him

68. According to the writer, E-mail has an obvious advantage over the telephone because the former helps one         .

A. reach a group of people at one time conveniently

B. keep one's communication as personal as possible

C. pass on much more information than the latter

D. get in touch with one's friends faster than the latter

69. The best title for this passage is         .

A. Computer: New Technological Advances

B. Internet: New Tool to Maintain Good Friendship

C. Computers Have Made Life Easier

D. Internet: a Convenient Tool for Communication

70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Computers and the Internet are one of the ways to communicate with people.

B. Computers and the Internet are the only way to communicate with people.

C. It is better to communicate with others by Computers and Internet than other ways.

D. People seldom use the old ways to stay in touch with others.

Passage 5

A number of researchers have examined the variables/strategies that affect students' learning English as a second language. This report identifies some of the learner variables/strategies used by two students in a Hong Kong technical Institute. The instruments for data collection included observation, interviews and questionnaires. The findings are discussed and some implications highlighted.

What makes a “good” language learner “good”, and what makes a “poor” language learner “poor”? What does this imply for the teaching of language in the Hong Kong context? These are the central questions of this assignment. The existing body of research attributes the differences between language learners to learner variables and learner strategies. Learner variables include such things as differences in personality, motivation, style, aptitude and age (Ellis, 1986: Chap. 5) and strategies refer to “techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information” (Chabot, 1987: 71 ). It is important to note here that what we are considering is not the fact that language learners do and can learn, but why there should be such variations in speed of learning, ability to use the target language, and in achieving examination grades, areas which generally lead to the classification of students as being either “good” or “poor”.

Learner variables and strategies have been the focus of a number of research projects,  (O'Malley et al, 1985, Oxford, 1989). However, to the best of my knowledge, this area has not been researched in Hong Kong classrooms. Since i am a teacher of English working in Hong Kong, gleaning a little of what learner variables and strategies seem to work for local students seems to be a fruitful area of research.

In discussing learner variables and strategies, we have to keep in mind the arbitrary nature of actually identifying these aspects. As the existing research points out, it is not possible to observe directly qualities such as aptitude, motivation and anxiety (Oxford, 1986). We cannot look inside the mind of a language learner and find out what strategies, if any, they are using. These strategies are not visible processes. Also, as Naiman and his colleagues (1978) point out, no single learning strategy, cognitive style or learner characteristic is sufficient to explain success in language learning. The factors must be considered simultaneously to discover how they affect success or failure in particular language learning situation.

Bearing these constrains in mind, the aim of this assignment is to develop two small scale studies of the language learners attempting to gain an overall idea of what strategies are in use and what variables seem to make a difference to Hong Kong students.

71. In Paragraph 2 “learner variables” and “strategies” are defined by reference to other writers          .

A. because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important concepts

B. because these writers are authorities in the field and these are recognized as important definitions

C. because the present author is not sure what these terms mean

D. because the present author wishes to redefine the scope of research in this area

72. The main point of Paragraph 2 is          .

A. to define technical terms

B. to define terms and scope of the study

C. to outline the main sections of the report

D. to summarize the area to be covered in the article

73. In Paragraph 3 the writer uses the phrase “to the best of my knowledge” because       .

A. she has good knowledge of this area

B. she is not sure if the area has been researched in Hong Kong

C. she thinks the area has been researched in Hong Kong

D. She does not wish to take responsibility for any omissions in the bibliography

74. The reference to “Naiman and his colleagues ( 1978)” in Paragraph 4 is made      .

A. to point out the advantages of an analytical approach

B. to point out that language learning strategies can be identified

C. to point out that different learners learn differently

D. to point out the uniqueness of language learning situations

75. According to this passage, research in this area is characterized as          .

A. empirically observable

B. often impossible to observe directly

C. poorly defined in the research literature to date

D. easier to theorize about than to carry out directly

Part IV: Translation (25%)

Section A (10%)

Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on ANSWER SHEET II.

The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. City born and city bred, I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the weekend. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into a frenzy of joy at the mere mention of the country. Though they glorify the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living.

Section B (15%)

Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version on ANSWER SHEET II.

在某种程度上, 德国经济的成功呈现了教育上一个令人困惑的问题。一方面, 德国学校培养的劳动力有能力生产出让德企成为世界出口冠军的产品。而另一方面, 经国际测试考试, 德国学生的学术成就只能说达到了中等水平。根据经济合作发展组织发布的国际学生评估项目表明, 德国15岁学生的阅读能力低于富裕的平均水平。在智力资源越来越重要的当今社会, 德国的商业又是如何蓬勃发展起来的呢？答案就在于它将学校教育和学徒训练结合在一起, 这种结合已证明能稳定地提供和培训劳动力, 专供德企生产高质量的产品所需, 即使类似的工作在其他富裕已经消失。

Part V: Writing (15%)

Directions: Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words. Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on ANSWER SHEET II.

Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free time. Which do you prefer —planning or not planning for your leisure time? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

考博英语自学神器：华东师范大学-希赛学习包

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