2011年华东师范大学考博英语真题

Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (15%)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A9 B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

1.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is     by the shortage of the information media.

A.compounded         B. highlighted          C. minimized            D. dwarfed

2.Some innovations were introduced when conditions     —the shift in the curriculum towards communicative goals is broadly associated with two major movements.

A.grew              B. adjusted             C. allowed              D. matured

3.In his book on biotechnology, Rifkin       that “for now, the most important issue at hand is to make the new science and technology an issue of considerable public attention.”

A.hypothesizes        B. maintains             C. mandates            D. speculates

4.She complained that she had been       the opportunity to appeal against the court's decision.

A.deprived            B. denied               C. delayed             D. declined

5.The conference appealed to the international community to jointly       the issue of global warming.

A.maneuver           B. conspire              C. testify              D. address

6.Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical       .

A. facilities           B. appliances             C. instruments          D. equipment

7.Under the teacher's stern       , the little boy broke down and confessed to cheating.

A. glance             B. glimpse               C gaze                D. stare

8.She sounded so       that everyone present believed her story.

A. persuading         B. convincing             C. influencing          D. actual

9.It was rather       of them to have left all the housework for their mother to do.

A. inconsiderate       B. inconsistent             C. unthinking          D. unfriendly

10.You are required to fill out this form and       it to the officer at that counter.

A. yield             B. submit                  C. commit            D. offer

11.“May I use your dictionary for a while?”

“       . You are welcome to use anything of mine,”

A. By and by         B. By all means            C. By no means         D. By and large

12. July was approaching, but the student was not sure what to       after graduation.

A.take down         B. take in                 C. take up              D. take over

13.All the three TV channels provide extensive       of sports events.

A.vision             B. coverage               C broadcast            D. network

14.Mark is very set in his way, but John has a more       attitude towards life.

A.changeable         B. shifted                 C. flexible             D. fluid

15.        that everyone couldn't help laughing at the sight of him.

A.So absurd did he look                         B. He looked so absurd

C. So he looked absurd                          D. So he did look absurd

16.Computers are       much part of everyone's lives now that it's difficult to imagine what people would do without them.

A.such               B. so                 C. very                D. as

17.I will briefly discuss the benefits       I feel have resulted from the project.

A. which             B. those               C. of which            D. what

18.The social worker claimed that it was impossible for the old man to live on his       pension.

A. maximal           B. massive             C. measurable          D. meagre

19.Her travels have       her belief that no country is better or worse than any other.

A. secured            B. enforced            C. established          D. confirmed

20.He has been hoping for a raise for the last four months but his boss is       to give him one.

A. shrewd            B. reluctant             C. sceptic             D. rigorous

21.According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically       to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy.

A. practical          B. flexible              C. feasible             D. beneficial B. flexibleA. practical B. flexible D. beneficialasible D. beneficial

22.I hope you are not       that I obtained this money dishonestly.

A. implying          B. involving            C. deducing            D. denoting

23.We must       the problem of poverty as soon as possible.

A. abolish           B. tackle               C. remove             D. encounter

24.Don't leave your bicycle out in the rain. It'll get       .

A. rusty             B. crude               C. rough               D. tough

25.Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss       the bread-winner's death.

A. at the cost of      B. on the verge of        C. as a result of          D. for the sake of

26.At the beginning of this semester, our English teacher       a list of books for us to read.

A. passed on         B. fished out            C. handed in            D. made out

27.Einstein's special Theory of Relativity is quite       me.

A. out of            B. beyond              C. from                D. over

28.This refrigerator we bought last week is       satisfactory.

A. by all means      B. by any means         C. by no means         D. by some means

29.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving       for the states and liberty for individuals.

A. autonomy        B. dignity               C. monopoly           D. stability

30.The mail was       for two days because of the snowstorm.

A. held back       B. held out                C. held up              D. held on

Part II: Cloze (20%)

Directions: Read the passage through, then go back and choose one item of suitable word (s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word (s) you have chosen with a single line across the bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.

A number of books like Reading Faces and Body Language have  31  the individual's tendency to broadcast things through all manner of  32  movement and facial gymnastics. Such matters, made widely familiar by pop sociology, anthropology and psychology, have become the stuff of common conversation. Michael Korda's Power! How to Get It, How to Use It, is mainly a primer in how to  33  others by a cold-blooded control of  34  signals that occur commonly in the workaday world: for example, how executives signal their style of power  35  the clothes they choose and the way they  36  their office furniture.

37  work or play, everybody emits wordless signals of infinite variety. Overt, like a warm smile. Spontaneous, like a  38  eyebrow. Involuntary, like leaning away from a salesperson to  39  a deal. Says Julius Fast in Body Language. “We rub our noses for puzzlement. We  40  our arms to  41  ourselves or to protect ourselves. We  42  our shoulders for indifference.” Any competent psychiatrist remains alert to the expressions by which a patient's hidden emotions make  43  known. People even signal by the odors they  44  , as Janet Hopson  45  in superfluous detail in Scent Signals: The Silent Language of Sex. Actually, it is impossible for an individual to  46  signaling other people; the person who mutely  47

human intercourse sends out an unmistakable signal in the form of utter silence.

Sociologist Dane Arche calls reading such signals “social intelligence.” He said, “We must unshackle ourselves from the tendency to ignore silent behavior and to prefer words  48  everything else.” The evidence all over is that  49  people wander the earth through thickets of verbiages, many, perhaps most, do pay more attention to wordless signals and are more likely to be influenced and  50  by nonverbal messages.

31. A. concerned       B. explored          C. indicated         D. written

32. A. body           B. individual         C. physical          D. visible

33. A. manipulate      B.convey            C. communicate      D. dominate

34. A. obvious        B. accepted           C. nonverbal        D. subtle

35. A. by             B. of               C. in               D. with

36. A. exhibit         B. arrange           C. purchase          D. employ

37. A. Upon          B. In                C. During           D. At

38. A. elaborated      B. confined           C. revised           D. raised

39. A. embrace       B. resist              C. clutch            D. extinguish

40. A. clasp          B. stretch            C. arouse            D. conceal

41. A. amuse         B. fortify             C. isolate           D. maintain

42. A. lift            B. revert             C. dedicate          D.shrug

43. A. him           B. them              C. himself          D. themselves

44. A. spread out      B. evoke out          C. give off          D. depend on

45. A. documents      B. preaches           C. describes         D. dramatizes

46. A. permeate       B. avoid              C. reckon           D. ignore

47. A. guards against   B. restrains from       C. integrates with    D. withdraws from

48. A.above          B. over               C. beyond          D. upon

49. A. before         B.though              C. while           D. whether

50. A. fabricated      B. transformed         C. apprehended      D. governed

Part III: Reading Comprehension (25%)

Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center:

Passage 1

Change—or the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environment—is essential to evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself. He can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can not adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement backward, which is decay and deterioration.

In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide (without insisting that its path is the only one), it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward, and thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol (偶像、崇拜)of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure. The better course is to accept the help which tradition can give but, realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.

51.The author maintains that if we want to get along with the world          .

A.industry must be developed at the expense of farmland

B.farmers must try to get some job training

C.trade and defense are essential

D.change is indispensable

52.The farmer's case in Para. 1 is given as an example of          .

A.the trend of economic development       B.the course of human evolution

C.the need of adaptability                 D.the importance of social change

53.“The hunter and the nervous hostess” in Para. 2 are referring to people who          .

A.are ignorant and uninformed

B.are well aware of custom's limitations

C.become an obstacle on the path of progress

D.constitute the force for good

54.The author warns us that          .

A.it is misleading to accept tradition as a guide

B.excessive devotion to tradition may bring us troubles

C.we must accept the guidance tradition offers us

D.tradition is obstacle lying on the path of change

55.This passage manly discusses the relationship between          .

A.industry and agriculture               B.evil tradition and good tradition

C.man and the changing world         D.tradition and change

Passage 2

The establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident. McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to public awareness dedicated to nature and the weak ecosystem that makes up it. The day's events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet for the present and long into the future. The board was impressed with McConnell's idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated “This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earth—reminding us of Earth's beautiful system of balance which humanity has partially upset and must restore.” Earth day was established as a national day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970, twenty million participants nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in 2,000 communities and 12,000 colleges and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was industrial pollution and its effect on the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the health of the planet was live in. those celebrations led to powerful public outcries for legislation mandating ecologically sound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution. Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Whether it comes from vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public concern and activism continues with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem.

Earth Day activities are supported and sponsored by a large network of organizations, government agencies, businesses, universities, and institutions. They work diligently each year to make Earth day events meaningful and relevant to the inhabitants of Planet Earth. The regular observance of this holiday fixes environmental values into the national consciousness and provides an opportunity to introduce environmental issues into schools, media and public events. It should be noted that Earth Day activities have been instrumental in bringing about many of the significant environmental changes that have taken place in the last three decades.

56.This passage is mainly concerned with         .

A.how to start a national holiday

B.when the Earth day was introduced

C.the reasons for establishing the Earth Day

D.the origin and movement of the Earth Day

57.According to the passage, on March 21,          .

A.the board accepted the proposal of McConnell

B.the United Nations declared an Earth Day celebration

C.day and night are equally divided throughout the world

D.the earth is at its most beautiful moment throughout the year

58.Which of the following dates is definitely an international Earth Day?

A.October 1, 1969.                     B.March 21, 1970.

C.April 22, 1970.                      D.March 21, 1972.

59.Which of the following statements is correct?

A.Only college students and scholars participated in the activities on the first Earth Day.

B.The movement has grown from concern over industrial pollution to all kinds of environmental pollution.

C.Some people cry for the abandonment of all vehicles and agriculture because of their pollution.

D.A sustainable and enduring ecosystem should be maintained at the cost of housing and private property.

60.It can be concluded that         .

A.many organizations and businesses suffer vast losses as a result of Earth Day campaign

B.people have learned to use Earth Day activities as instrument to acquire what they want

C.supporters work hard to make the whole nation aware of Earth Day events by publicizing them in media

D.Earth Day activities have succeeded in changing our environment over the past years

Passage 3

Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. Reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places like libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues were, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.

61.Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

A.Silent reading had not been discovered.

B.There were few places available for private reading.

C.Few people could read for themselves.

D.People relied on reading for entertainment.

62.The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicated         .

A.a change in the status of literate people

B.a change in the nature of reading

C.an increase in the number of books

D.an increase in the average age of readers

63.Educationalists are still arguing about         .

A.the importance of silent reading

B.the amount of information yielded by books and newspapers

C.the effects of reading on health

D.the value of different types of reading material

64.The emergence of the mass media and of specialized periodicals showed that         .

A. standards of literacy had declined             B. printing techniques had improved

C. readers' interests had diversified              D. educationalists' attitudes had changed

65.What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage?

A.To explain how present-day reading habits developed.

B.To change people's attitudes toward reading.

C.To show how reading methods have improved.

D.To encourage the growth of reading

Passage 4

People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the present, and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past. But it is not true that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.

A tremendous change in the conditions of human life and in our knowledge and control of the natural world has taken place since ancient times. The ancients could not, however, see in advance our contemporary technical and social environment, and hence have no advice to offer us about the particular problems facing us. But, although social and economic arrangements vary with time and place, man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.

The poets bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the wind on his cheek, was possessed by love and desire, experienced joy and excitement as well as frustration and disappointment, and knew good and evil. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic problems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.

We also learn from the past by considering the respects in which it differs from the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And part of the past—our personal past and that of the race—always lives in us.

66.According to the writer, our past can teach us quite a lot because         .

A.it is very different from the present

B.it is quite the same as the present

C.we can draw many lessons from it

D. we are not working so hard as the people in the past

67.In the second paragraph, the writer places great emphasis on the fact that         .

A.human nature does not change easily

B.a great change has taken place in the conditions of human life

C.social arrangements change quickly

D.it is impossible to ask the ancient people to give us useful advice

68.Judging from the context, the reason for the writer to talk about the poets is that         .

A.they tried to talk to people who were to come after them

B.they knew good and evil better than other people

C.they were the most emotional people in their times

D.they recorded the life of ancient people in their poems

69.In the first line of the last paragraph, the sentence “We can discover where we are today...” means         .

A.we can know how much development we have made

B.we can identify where we are living at the present age

C.we can learn more about our problems

D.we can travel to any place quite easily

70.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

A.Our present has little in common with the past.

B.Past human experiences can be used to serve the present.

C.Some people in the past predicted things in our age accurately.

D.Our present age is basically similar to the past one.

Passage 5

Our generation has made such immense discoveries and achieved such undreamed enrichments of the outside of life, that it has lost touch with the inside of life. It has forgotten the true riches and beauties of its spiritual inheritance: riches and beauties that go far beyond our modern chatter about values and ideals. The mind's search for more breadth has obscured the heart's craving for more depth. Once again man has become the dupe of his own cleverness. And because it is difficult to attend to more than a few things at a time, we leave out a great range of experiences which comes in by another route and tells us of another kind of life. Our interest rushes out to the farthest limits of the universe, but we seldom take a sounding of the ocean beneath our restless keels. We get, therefore, a queer feeling that we are leaving something out. Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind. Thus the life of the human spirit, which ought to maintain a balance between the world visible and the world invisible, is thrown out of gear.

71.Which of the following may best serve as the title of the passage?

A.Man's Need for Wisdom.              B.The Invisible World.

C.The Heart and Mind of Man.            D.The Growth of Knowledge.

72.The author of this passage implies his concern over man's          .

A.inhumanity to other men

B.emphasis on the materialistic in life

C.explorations in the farthest limits of the universe

D.lack of knowledge of the visible world

73.The author suggests that man needs to          .

A.be cleverer.

B.learn to do more than one thing at a time

C.give more attention to the spirit

D.become more social

74.Which of the following is implied in the passage?

A.The soul of men is restless.

B.People spend too much time in idle talk.

C.Man is too concerned with things of the spirit.

D.Man should search for more breadth in his life.

75.What is something that we are leaving out according to the author?

A.Immense discoveries               B.Undreamed enrichments of the outside of life

C.Wisdom                         D.Knowledge

Part IV: Translation (25%)

Section A (10%)

Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on ANSWER SHEET II.

“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct — the meaning of the word has never been clear. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child's capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison.

Section B (15%)

Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version on ANSWER SHEET II.

名牌大学享受着绝大部分的政府教育拨款, 而地方大学只能依靠市场的力量, 这就意味着 他们必须要招收更多的学生以确保财政收入。这种逐渐加大的差距必然会导致地方大学教育质量下滑, 这些地方学校严重缺乏富有经验的优秀教师。更糟糕的是, 这些学校都喜欢 开设一些”软"专业, 比如说, 会计, 金融, 公共事业管理, 国际贸易, 外语等等。这些时 髦的专亚不需要太多财资就可以开设, 从而使得学校珂以容纳下这些年的扩招学生。这些专业的毕业生过去受到就业市场的欢迎。然而, 由于这些专俊的毕业生日益增多, 使得供 需之间产生严重不平衡的现象。

试题答案

Part V: Writing (15%)

Directions: Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words. Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on ANSWER SHEET II.

Some people trust their first impressions about a person's character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person's character quickly because they believe first impressions are wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which of them do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.

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