2010年华东师范大学考博英语真题

Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (15%)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A9 B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

1.If you need an extra bed for your guest, you can use       .

A.one of ours          B.one of us      C. one of our          D. one of our's

2.It is ridiculous that we       .

A.are short of water in a country where it is always raining

B.be short of water in a country where it is always raining

C.might be short of water in a country where it is always raining

D.could be short of water in a country where it is always raining

3.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed     .

A.had produced B.would have produced C. have been produced    D. had been produced

4.Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents       at the time.

A.had been ill       B.were ill        C. would have been ill      D. should have been ill

5.The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man

Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century.

A.was          B.named        C. being                 D. called

6.Our modern civilization must not be thought of as       in a short period of time.

A.being created      B.to have been created    C.having been created     D.to be created

7.Mary       my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A.has received   B.ought to have received C. couldn't have received   D. should have received

8.Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we have to become reconciled       the decision made by our fellow countrymen.

A.for             B.on             C. to             D. in

9.This is an exciting area of study, and one       which new applications are being discovered almost daily.

A.from          B.by             C. in             D. through

10.Water will continue to be       it is today - next in importance to oxygen.

A.how          B.which         C. as             D. what

11.       the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Professor White persisted in his research.

A.Because of      B.In spite of     C. As to           D. In view of

12.It is generally believed that true friendship is like health,       is seldom known till it is lost.

A.the value of which     B.its value     C. the value of it     D. it's value

13.If any man here does not agree with me, he should       his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.

A. put on          B. put out         C. put in          D. put forward

14.All the information we have collected in relation to that case       very little.

A. makes up for     B. adds up to      C. comes up with   D. puts up with

15.In what       to a last minute stay of execution a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.

A. applies          B. accounts        C. attaches      D. amounts

16.When traveling, you are advised to take travelers' checks, which provide a secure       to carrying your money in cash.

A.substitute       B. preference       C. selection         D. alternative

17.       he has enough money to buy a house, it doesn't mean he's going to do, as is often the case with him.

A.Seeing that       B.Provided that    C. Granted that      D. Considering that

18.       my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours.

A.For              B. At               C. In            D. On

19.John would have paid       for the jacket had the salesman insisted because he really loved its color and style.

A.twice as much    B.two times more     C. much as twice    D. as much twice

20.When bird watchers find a nest they are very careful not to disturb it lest the mother bird

frightened and desert it.

A.should be       B.would be        C. will be          D. could be

21.If you drive a motorcar to the danger of the public, you may make yourself       a heavy fine.

A. liable to         B. acquainted with    C. alert to         D. relevant to

22.       to speak when the audience interrupted him.

A.No sooner had he begun               C. Hardly had he begun

B.Not until began                      D. Scarcely did he begin

23.The Anti-Japanese War       in 1937.

A.was happened      B. broke out        C. was broken      D. was broken out

24.Language problems are       by cultural misunderstandings.

A.decreased         B. solved           C. increased        D. ignored

25.Henry's news report covering the conference was so       that nothing had been omitted.

A.clear             B. integrated        C. comprehensive   D. understandable

26.Both of them are too stubborn to agree to      , so they had to be assigned to different branches.

A.a friendship        B. a compromise    C. a judgment      D. an emotion

27.John made       keys for the house: one for his wife and one for himself.

A.deviate            B.duplicate         C. dozen          D. deliberate

28.I tried to       a hint but you didn't notice.

A.suggest            B.drop            C. nod             D. let

29.That terrible noise is       me mad.

A.driving            B.setting         C. putting          D. turning

30.Don't worry. If this does not work, there are other methods we can       .

A.fall behind          B.fall out          C. fall through      D. fall back on

Part II: Cloze (20%)

Directions: Read the passage through, then go back and choose one item of suitable word (s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word (s) you have chosen with a single line across the bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.

Earthquakes are nature’s crudest  31  on the poorest people who squat on the surface of the globe. The dreadful catastrophe in southwestern India will be  32  in the heart and  33  the conscience of the rest of the world for a long time  34  . There is no way of preventing the tremors (震动)within the Earth  35   cause its surface to  36  . And, for the time  37  , there is no sure way of predicting  38  . But, if earthquakes are  39  events, this is not true of the devastating  40  which have accompanied so many recent ones. The effect of a quake would be  41  inspection. But they are not, because earthquakes mainly happen in developing countries which cannot afford to  42  structures of the correct standard. In some earthquake-prone regions, like the Himalayas, deforestation(滥伐)has even robbed the inhabitants of the degree of natural  43  . Most damage is  44  by the collapse of weak structures and the fires that  45  as a result. During the Egyptian earthquake of 1992 a large proportion of the  46  were killed by stamping when they panicked  47  something they didn’t understand. It has been estimated that nearly 200 of 561 killed would have  48  had they known what to do. In Tokyo, people often don’t take  49  notice of an earthquake because of the careful preparation and education  50  over years.

31. A. revenge           B. attack            C. grab            D. clash

32. A. embedded         B. ignored           C. presented        D. distracted

33. A. in                B. on               C. with            D. for

34. A. coming           B. to be coming       C. to have come     D. to come

35. A. what             B. whether           C. which           D. where

36. A. whisper           B. vibrate           C. slope            D. corrode

37. A. being             B. now             C. going            D. up

38. A. something         B. them             C. any             D. it

39. A. unaccountable       B. unacceptable       C. unavoidable      D. unperceivable

40. A. expectations        B. nightmares         C. remnants         D. consequences

41. A. subject to          B. accessible to        C. available to       D. opposed to

42. A. locate             B. erect              C. make            D. put

43. A. damage           B. preservation        C. destruction        D. protection

44. A. relieved           B. settled             C. found            D. triggered

45. A. break up          B. break down         C. break out         D. break into

46. A. criminals          B. followers          C. believers          D. victims

47. A. in case of         B. regardless of        C. in the wake of      D. in stead of

48. A. survived          B.saved              C. lived             D. moved

49. A. no              B. much              C. little              D. some

50. A. taught           B. measured           C. imbued           D. integrated

Part III: Reading Comprehension (25%)

Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center:

(1)

In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.

The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all part of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boy’s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.

On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 yeas, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.

Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes’ expenses.

The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

51.Nowadays, the athletes’ expenses are paid for           .

A.out of the prize money of the winners

B.out of the funds raised by the competing nations

C.by the athletes themselves

D.by contributions

52.Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because           .

A.the Greeks had no mean s of recording the results

B.they are much better

C.details such as the time were not recorded in the past

D.they are much worse

53.The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics           .

A.has not definitely been established

B.varied according to the number of foreign competitors

C.was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were held

D.was considered unimportant

54.In the early days of ancient Olympic Games           .

A.only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the Games

B.all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religious or social status, were allowed to take part

C.all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in Games

D.all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games

55.In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games           .

A.were merely national athletic festivals

B.were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious color

C.had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position

D.were primarily national events with few foreign participants

(2)

Is e-mail a blessing or a curse? Last month, after a week’s vocation, I discovered 1218 unread e-mail messages waiting in my box. I pretended to be dismayed, but secretly I was pleased. This is how we measure our wired worth in the late 1990s. If you aren’t overwhelmed by e-mail, you must be doing something wrong.

E-mail. Can’t live with it, can’t live without it. Artists and real artists, advertisers and freedom fighters, lovers and sworn enemies — they’ve all flocked to e-mail as they would to any new medium of expression. E-mail is convenient, saves time, brings us closer to one another, and helps us manage our ever-more-complex lives. Books are written, campaigns conducted, crimes committed — all via e-mail. But it is also inconvenient, wastes our time, isolates us in front of our computers and introduces more complexity into our already too-hurried lives. To skeptics, e-mail is just the latest chapter in the evolving history of human communication.

Yet e-mail all online communication is in fact something truly different; it captures the essence of life at the close of the 20th century with an authority that few other products of digital technology can claim. Does the pace of life seem ever faster? E-mail simultaneously allows us to cope with that acceleration and contributes to it. Are our attention spans shriveling under barrages of new, improved forms of stimulation? The quick and dirty e-mail is made to order for those whose ability to concentrate is measured in nanoseconds. If we accept that the creation of the global-spanning Internet is one of the most important technological innovations of the last half of this century, then we must give e-mail, the living embodiment of human connection across the Net, pride of place. The way we interact with each other is changing; e-mail is both the catalyst and the instrument of that change.

56.According to the passage, e-mail is convenient because it           .

A.saves our time

B.introduces more complexity into our too-upset lives

C.makes communication possible

D.enrich our lives

57.The author of this passage is           about e-mail.

A. skeptical            B. positive            C. negative             D. firm

58.Which of the following phrases is the closest in meaning to the phrase “give ... pride of place” in Paragraph 3?

A.take pride in the place

B.be proud of

C.give ... the most important position

D.put stress on

59.All the following statements are true EXCEPT           .

A.E-mail not only allows us to cope with the faster pace of life but also makes it accelerated

B.The way we interact with each other is changing

C.E-mail can help us manage our ever-more-complex lives

D.Only advertisers make use of e-mail

60.What is the main idea of this passage?

A.E-mail is one of the most important technological innovations of the last half of the 20th century.

B.E-mail is the instrument that brings about great changes in human connection.

C.E-mail helps us understand the essence of life at the close of the 20th century.

D.E-mail is not only convenient but also inconvenient.

(3)

The phrase “melting pot” has become associated with the American society, implying that many racial and ethnic groups have been integrated into one culture. Scholars disagree as to what extent this assimilation or integration has actually taken place. Many of them see the American society as a “salad bowl”, where various groups have remained distinct and separate from each other, even though they work and live in the same society.

There is no doubt that assimilation has taken place, especially among the whites from different nationalities and religious backgrounds; the disagreement is only about to what extent this assimilation has actually taken place. The scholars argue that “melting plot” is an inaccurate description of the American society. Let alone other more distinct races and ethnic groups, they point to the American Jews as the group of whites who have retained their separateness.

Many scholars feel that the unwillingness by the Jewish Americans to assimilate with the American society comes mainly from centuries of persecution in European countries, some of which survived and came along with European Christians to America. Weaker forms of discrimination and anti-Jewish feelings still exist among European descendents, making it more difficult for the Jews to assimilate into the mainstream American culture. Their own cultural and religious pride also plays important roles in maintaining their separateness.

What is interesting, however, is that Jewish groups, along with their separateness, have a strong sense of belonging to the larger American culture in which they have achieved success in nearly every field. In fact, among the groups that have retained their national or ethnic identities, the Jewish groups are the most successful, according to a nation-wide survey. Many Jews attribute this success to their separateness, which has prevented them from losing values that contribute to their success.

61.What sentence would best summarize this passage?

A.American society is either a “melting pot” or a “salad bowl”, depending on who is talking about it.

B.Jewish groups have a strong sense of identity and refuse to assimilate with other Americans.

C.Scholars disagree about the extent to which assimilation of different races and ethnic groups has taken place in American society.

D.There is still some discrimination and persecution of Jews in America.

62.The European descendents who most likely discriminate against the American Jews are         .

A. Christians         B. scholars           C. capitalists             D. Catholics

63.Many scholars prefer to describe American society as a “salad bowl” because it         .

A.shows cultural and religious differences of various cultural groups

B.shows the togetherness and separateness of different ethnic, national, and racial groups

C.is more colorful and imaginative

D.is more progressive

64.The author claims that Jewish groups retain most of their cultural identity and         .

A.their separateness prevents them from achieving success

B.other groups dislike them for their separateness from the mainstream American culture

C.also think of themselves as belonging to the American culture

D.refuse to cooperate with other cultural groups

65.According to the passage, one of the reasons why the Jews have remained mostly separate is         .

A.seeing no advantage in assimilating         B.lack of opportunity to assimilate

C.the fear of losing their identity             D.their pride in their own culture

(4)

The growth of population during the past few centuries is no proof that population will continue to grow straight upward toward infinity and doom. On the contrary, demographic history offers evidence that population growth has not been at all constant. According to paleo-ecologist Edward Deevey, the past million years show three momentous changes. The first, a rapid increase in population around one million B.C., followed the innovations of tool-making and tool-using. But when the new power from the use of tools had been exploited, the rate of world population growth fell and became almost stable.

The next rapid jump in population started perhaps 10.000 years ago, when men began to keep herds, plow and plant the earth. Once again when initial productivity gains had been absorbed, the rate of population growth abated.

These two episodes suggest that the third great change, the present rapid growth, which began in the West between 250 and 350 years ago, may also slow down when, or if technology begins to yield fewer innovations. Of course, the current knowledge revolution may continue without foreseeable end. Either way—contrary to popular belief in constant geometric growth—population can be expected in the long run to adjust to productivity. And when one takes this view, population growth is seen to represent economic progress and human triumph rather than social failure.

66.In the passage, when did the first significant demographic change occur?

A.Three to four centuries ago.

B.Ten thousand years ago.

C.At a time when steamed engine was invented.

D.At a time when human beings began to use tools.

67.What did human beings learn to do when the 2nd demographic change took place?

A.To use stone.

B.To plant the earth.

C.To build aircraft.

D.To derive automobiles.

68.What is found to have close relationship with rapid increase in population?

A.War between 2 centuries.

B.Ways discovered to increase productivity.

C.Migration from a continent to another continent.

D.A new religion beginning to be accepted by people.

69.What can be concluded when the current tide of knowledge revolution ebbs?

A.Productivity will rise.

B.Productivity will receive no impact.

C.Population growth will slow down.

D.Population growth will become accelerated.

70.What is the concept most people have on population growth?

A.The population is always in constant geometric growth.

B.Rapid growth is followed by stable growth.

C.Decelerated growth is followed by a decline

D.No growth at all.

(5)

In our society the unwritten rules of communication discourage the direct expression of emotions. Count the number of genuine emotional expressions you hear over a two-or-three-day period and you’ll discover that emotional expressions are rare. People are generally comfortable making statements of fact and often delight in expressing their opinions, but they rarely disclose how they feel.

Not surprisingly, the emotions that people do share directly are usually positive. For example, one study of married couples revealed that the partners shared flattering feelings of face-saving ones. They also willingly disclosed both positive and negative feelings about absent third parties. On the other hand, the husbands and wives rarely expressed face-threatening feelings of hostility.

Surprisingly, social rules even discourage too much expression of positive feelings. A hug and kiss for Mother is all right, though a young man should shake hands with Dad. Affection toward friends becomes less and less frequent as we grow older, so that even a simple statement such as “I like you” is seldom heard between adults.

A review of research on emotional expression supports the cultural stereotype of the non-emotional male and the more emotional female. As a group, women are more likely than men to express their emotions. They are better at distinguishing between related feelings such as liking and loving, and they are more likely to have more affectionate relationships than men. Of course, these gender differences are statistical average, and there are many men and women who do not fall into these types.

71.What is the main ides of this passage?

A.Both adults and children seldom expose their feelings and opinions.

B.Society is the real cause of people’s less expression of their affection.

C.People like to talk freely behind a third person.

D.Women are more open than men in expressing their feelings.

72.People avoid expressing their feelings directly because          .

A.they have no time over a two-or-three-day period

B.they feel timid to do so

C.they prefer facts to feelings

D.they feel uneasy when they disclose their inner world

73.Which of the following statements do people tend to express?

A.Your hairstyle is good, but the color does not suit your skin.

B.How should he have left the room in such a mess!

C.I’m sorry to say I can’t love you any more.

D.It is silly of you to have given up this chance.

74.That “Women are better than men in expressing feelings” is          .

A.a complete cultural stereotype                 B.proven by research

C.the traditional prejudice                      D.the key to social problems

74.That “Women are better than men in expressing feelings” is          .

A.a complete cultural stereotype                 B.proven by research

C.the traditional prejudice                      D.the key to social problems

75.According to the passage, it is surprising that          .

A.women are more expressive than men

B.husbands and wives tend to please each other

C.people are socially discouraged from expressing their positive feelings

D.people feel comfortable to disclose their negative feelings

Part IV: Translation (25%)

Section A (10%)

Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on ANSWER SHEET II.

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vacation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

Section B (15%)

Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version on ANSWER SHEET II.

在任何社会里教育总是反映这个社会的一面镜子。通过这面镜子我们可以看 到我们的实力, 我们的弱点, 我们的希望, 我们的偏见, 以及我们这个的主 要价值观念。过去四十年来人们对教育的重视说明了人们都强烈地感到不管每个 人的个人情况如何, 都应当给与充分发展他能力的机会。

Part V: Writing (15%)

Directions: Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words. Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on Answer Sheet II.

Some people prefer work or activities that mainly involve working with people. Others choose work or activities that mainly involve working with objects or machines. Compare these types of activities. Which of them do you prefer? Give reasons to support your answer.

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