2010年中国矿业大学考博英语真题

Part One Cloze (10 points)

Directions: Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word.

More than 600 million girls live in poverty in the developing world. Many of them are _1_ in school and are not given the same opportunities 2 boys. New programs are aim 3 helping girls and their families succeed. The unequal treatment of 4 is a big problem in many parts of the globe. But a new campaign hopes to show that girls can be the solution 5 ending poverty, disease and other global issues. It’s called the “girl effect”. According to the girl effect theory, one girl can make a positive change in the world, as 6 as she’s given a chance to succeed. An extra year of secondary school can boost a girl’s earnings 7 as much as 25%. If the 600 million girls in the developing world who live in poverty increased their earnings, 8 could lift the world economy. Studies show that women are 9 likely than men to spend their paychecks 10 their families. With women working, children are more likely to stay in school, be better fed and be healthier.

Part Two Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following passage.

Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist.

But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with no way to reduce rising cost or increase revenues significantly. Raising tuition doesn’t bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.

It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Effects to save them and preferably to keep them private, are national necessities. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound.

Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Ardent supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.

1. In the author’s opinion, schools are bad business because of _______ .

A. Mismanagement B. too few students

C. too many students D. the nature of schools

2. The author used the phrase “go under” in the third paragraph to mean ________.

A. get into difficulties B. have low enrollment

C. have low tuition D. bring in more money

3. We can reasonably conclude from the passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support _________ .

A. public institutions B. private schools

C. uniformity of education D. equality of education

4. Which of the following is not mentioned?

A. High-quality private schools deserve to be saved.

B. If the tuition is raised, the enrollment goes down.

C. There are many cases that public schools are better than private schools.

D. Private schools have more money than public schools.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following passage.

If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question.

It is the same on history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write.

Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations. For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history.” Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is, because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful.

5. Which of the following ideas is not conveyed in the passage?

A. “Remembered history”, compared with written history, is less reliable.

B. Written records of the past plays an important role in learning human history.

C. A written account of our daily activities helps us to answer some questions.

D. Where there are no written records, there is no history.

6. “Remembered history” (in the third paragraph) refers to .

A. history based on a person’s imagination

B. stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth

C. songs and dances about the most important events

D. both B and C

7. “Remembered history” is regarded as valuable only when .

A. it is written down B. no written account is available

C. it proves to be true D. people are interested in it

8. It can be inferred from the passage that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if our ancestors had _________ .

A. kept a written record of every past event

B. not burnt their written records in wars

C. told exact stories of the most important happenings

D. made more songs and dances

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the following passage.

Franklin’s life is fall of charming stories which all young men should know-how he peddled ballads in Boston, and stood, the guest of kings, in Europe; how he worked his passage as a stowaway to Philadelphia, and rode in the Queen’s own litter in France; how he walked the streets of Philadelphia, homeless and unknown, with three penny rolls for his breakfast, and dined at the tables of princess, and received his friends in a palace; how he raised a kite from a cow shed, and was showered with all the high degrees the colleges of the world could give; how he was duped by a false friend as a boy, and became the friend of all humanity as a man; how he was made Major General Franklin, only to resign because, as he said, he was no soldier, and yet helped to organize the army that stood before the trained troops of England and Germany.

This poor Boston boy, with scarcely a day’s schooling, became master of six languages and never stopped studying; this neglected apprentice tamed the lightning, made his name famous, received degrees and diplomas from colleges in both hemispheres, and became forever remembered as “Doctor Franklin”, philosopher, patriot, scientist, philanthropist and statesman. Self-made, self-taught, self-reared, the candle maker’s son gave light to all the world; the street ballad seller set all men singing of liberty; the runaway apprentice became the most sought-after man of two continents and brought his native land to praise and honor him.

He built American ---for what our Republic is today is largely due to the prudence, the forethought, the statesmanship, the enterprise, the wisdom, and the ability of Benjamin Franklin. He belongs to the world, but especially does he belong to America. As the nation honored him while living, so the Republic glorifies him when dead, and has enshrined him in the choicest of its niches—the one he regarded as the loftiest --- the hearts of the common people, from whom he had sprung and in their hearts Franklin will live forever.

9. What is Benjamin Franklin?

A. Doctor and scientist B. Philanthropist and linguist

C. Statesman and artist D. Philosopher and professor.

10. Franklin made all the following contributions except .

A. helping draft the declaration of Independence

B. making kite experiment to show the identity of lightening and electricity

C. helping organize the powerful American army

D. developing the candle making industry

11. For what purpose does the author adopt repeatedly “how …and...” structure in the first paragraph?

A. To show Franklin’s sad experience at his early age.

B. To show Franklin as a man of contrast.

C. To show Franklin’s spirit of enterprise.

D. To show the development of Franklin’s career.

12. Which of the following adjectives can be used to describe the author’s feeling towards Franklin?

A. Jealous. B. Emotionless. C. Flattering.        D. Admiring.

Questions 13 to 16 are based on the following passage.

Despite the fact that today virus are known to cause cancer in animals and in plants, there exists a great reluctance to accept viruses as being of importance in human cancer. Basic biological phenomena generally do not differ strikingly as one goes from one species to another. It should be recognized that cancer is a biological problem and not a problem that is unique for man. Cancer originates when a normal cell suddenly becomes a cancer which multiplies widely and without apparent restraint. Cancer may originate in many different kinds of cell, but the cancer cell usually continues to carry certain traits of the cell of origin. The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell may have more than one kind of cause, but there is good reason to consider the relationships that exist between viruses and cancer.

Since there is no evidence that human cancer, as generally experienced, is infectious, many persons believe that because viruses are infectious agents they cannot possibly be of importance in human cancer. However, viruses can mutate and examples are known in which a virus that never kills its host can mutate to form a new strain of virus that always kills its host. It does not seem unreasonable to assume that an innocuous latent virus might mutate to form a strain that causes cancer. Certainly the experimental evidence now available is consistent with the idea that viruses as we know them today could be the causative agents of most, if not all cancer, including cancer in man.

13. According to the passage, which is NOT true?

A. Viruses are known to cause cancer in animals and in plants.

B. Many people don’t believe that viruses cause human cancer.

C. Biological phenomena don’t change much in animals and plants.

D. Cancer may originate in certain kinds of cells.

14. According to the passage, which is true?

A. The transformation of a cell into a cancer has just one reason.

B. There is no relationship between viruses and cancers.

C. Viruses can mutate in some cases.

D. Viruses are not contagious.

15. It is possible that viruses cause human cancer because .

A. Human cancer is infectious

B. Human cancer has more than one kind of cause.

C. Man is host to many viruses

D. Viruses can mutate

16. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Viruses are the causative agents of most cancer.

B. How and why viruses mutate.

C. Basic biological phenomena in plants, animals and man.

D. Why the human cancer is not infectious.

Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Bird wings have a much more complex job to do than wings of an airplane, for in addition to supporting the bird they must act as its engine, rowing it through the air. Even so the wing outline of a bird conforms to the same aerodynamic principles as those eventually discovered by people when designing airplanes, and if you know how different kind of aircraft perform, you can predict the flight capabilities of similarly shaped birds.

Short, stubby wings enable a tanager and other forest-living to swerve and dodge at speed through the undergrowth, just as they helped the fighter planes of the Second Word War to make tight turns and acrobatic maneuvers in a dog-fight. More modem fighters achieve greater speeds by sweeping back their wings while in flight, just as peregrines do when they go into a 130 kph dive, swooping to a kill. Championship gliders have long, thin wings so that, having gained height in a thermal up-current they can soar gently down for hours and an albatross, the largest of flying birds, with a similar wing shape and a span of 3 meters, can patrol the ocean for hours in the same way without a single wing beat. Vultures and hawks circle at very slow speeds supported by a thermal and they have the broad rectangular wings that very slow-flying aircraft have. People have not been able to adapt wings to provide hovering flight. That has only been achieved with the whirling, horizontal blades of a helicopter or the downward-pointing engines of a vertical landing jet. Hummingbirds have paralleled even this. They tilt their bodies so that they are almost upright and then beat their wings as fast as 80 times a second producing a similar downdraft of air. So the hummingbird can hover and even fly backwards.

17. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

A. Bird wings have to support the bird.

B. Bird wings must act as the bird’s engine.

C. Airplane’s wings must act as the airplane’s engine.

D. Similar wing shapes in aircraft and birds produce similar flight capabilities.

18. Modem fighter planes can be compared to in the way they move.

A. tanagers B. hawks C. peregrines D. hummingbirds

19. Why can the hummingbird can hover and even fly backwards?

A. Because its wings are large enough.

B. Because it can tilt its body.

C. Because it has whirling and horizontal blades like a helicopter.

D. Because it can produce down-draft of air by beating their wings very fast.

20. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Bird wings are more complex than airplane wings.

B. People design airplane by looking at the wing shapes of birds.

C. How we can make the airplane wings more efficient.

D. The wings of birds and airplanes conform to the same aerodynamic principles.

Part Three Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)

Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.

1. Future agriculture should depend on high technology traditional methods.

A. except B. as to C. besides D. otherwise

2. Comedies the audience with word play.

A. amuse B. cause C. make D. allow

3. If you foreign language, you can appreciate many foreign art forms.

A. are well in B. are fond of C. are interested in D. are fluent in

4. I had to come to see you, but I suddenly fell ill.

A. allowed B. intended C. permitted D. promised

5. The climate in China from north to south.

A. differs B. offers C. suffers D. refers

6. It is in the school he studied ten years ago he gave a wonderful speech.

A. that; where B. where; that C. where; where D. that; that

7.  Must I wait till you come back? No, you________.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. closed                    D. closing

8. It was raining heavily, little Mary felt cold, so she stood _______ to her mother.

A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing

9. If you like, you can take_________.

A. as much books as you can B. as many books as possible

C. as many as books you can D. many as possible as you can

10. In China _______ graduates go abroad to have a further study every year.

A. a great deal of               B. many a C. a good many        D. a large amount of

11. _______ is a good form of exercise for both the old and the young.

A. Walk B. To walk C. Walking            D. The walk

12. You said boys were cleverer than girls. That is_______ I disagree.

A. what B. where C. which              D. why

13. He had his leg broken in the basketball match ________ , he has to be away from school for a couple of weeks.

A. For example                 B. After all C. At first           D. As a result

14.  — Would you like a cake or a banana?

— ______is OK. I really don’t mind.

A. Both B. None                     C. Either                 D. Neither

15. —What are you going to do this afternoon?

— I’ ll probably go for a walk later on it stays fine.

A. as far as B. so long as                C. even if          D. as if

Part Four Translation (20 points)

Section A  Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees. It is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep spring of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exits in a man of 60, more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows merely by the number of years; we grow old by deserting our ideas. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.

Section B Translate the following passage into English.

仪容整洁和个人卫生的讲究已经行之有年了。很难想象一个人们不在乎打理外表和身体清洁的时代。或许这些卫生习惯始于亚当(Adam)第一次洗澡梳头去赴夏娃的约；也可能始于夏娃(Eve)第一次搽上青草制的化妆品使自己更美丽。无论是从何时开始的,仪容整洁与个人卫生已经成为每个人生活例行事务中重要的一部分。仪容整洁的工作涵盖了所有可以使人看起来体面的琐碎小事，像是梳头和化妆。虽然大多数的现代人都同意这些事很重要，但不同文化背景的人打理自己的方法也不一样。

Part Five Writing (15 points)

Directions: Write a passage about 150 words on the following topic.

Topic

Housing Problems in Big Cities

考博英语自学神器：中国矿业大学-希赛学习包

版权辅导教材+推荐自学计划+在线智能题库+知识点练习+入群共同学习+1-2年服务期

考博英语培训课程：中国矿业大学-希赛课程

结合历年考试真题，辅以相关理论知识，以轻松、简化的语言教授，让学生迅速掌握知识点及做题技巧。

小编推荐：

历年中国矿业大学考博英语真题汇总

>>点击注册会员，享更多英语考试相关资料

素材来源：网络