2009年华东师范大学考博英语真题

Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (15%)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A9 B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

1.Mr. Smith is supposed       for Italy last week.

A.to have left             B. having left         C. to leave                D. to be leaving

2.With an initial investment of only ten thousand dollars, both partners have increased their money       .

A.by two thousand more    B. by two thousand     C. for two thousand more   D. for two thousand

3.A       from every person, no matter how small, will help the Red Cross reach its goal of $100,000.

A. contract               B. concentration        C. contribution            D. construction

4.My neighbors on either side of me have painted their houses,       of course makes my house look shabbier than it really is.

A. that                B. as                     C. who               D. which

5.     mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.

A. He is remembered B. While being remembered   C. To be remembered D. Though remembered

6.This border incident led to the two countries       diplomatic relations in 1965.

A. breaking up        B. finishing                 C. cutting out         D. breaking off

7.I sent invitations to 80 people,       have replied.

A. of whom only 20 of them   B. only 20 of them who    C. of whom only 20   D. only 20 who

8.Very few experts have       with complete new answers to the world’s economic problems.

A. come to            B. come around             C. come up         D. come on

9.When it comes to the truth of the case, his       answer is “no comment”.

A. invariable          B. investigative             C. invalid            D. invasive

10.Parents used to have a       against rock and roll in the early 1980’s.

A.prediction          B. prejudice                C. preference         D. prominence

11.You must read between the lines to get the       meaning.

A.unanimous         B. underlying               C. ultimate           D. universal

12.Examinations do not       students to seek more knowledge.

A.exert              B. instruct                 C. motivate           D. qualify

13.People of different races should live in       with each other for global peace.

A.harmony          B. federation                C. unity               D. union

14.I don’t think it is       to reconstruct the destroyed forest ecosystem in a few years.

A.plausible          B. notable                  C. considerable         D. feasible

15.We have invested       80,000 in this project but till now there is no hope for us to get a penny back.

A. subsequently       B. unexpectedly             C. approximately     D. reluctantly

16.The police have been interviewing people in the area in the hope that it will       further information about the crime.

A. unload           B. reveal                    C. endow             D. yield

17.The people were annoyed by the       supply of electricity and water in summer.

A. insufficient        B. integral                  C. inferior             D. indispensable

18.Although there was a lot more to say, Stephen       from further questions.

A. strained           B. refrained                 C. resisted             D. retreated

19.The full       of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.

A. effort            B. response                  C. impact              D. affection

20.Color-blind people often find it difficult to       between blue and green.

A. separate          B. compare                  C. contrast             D. distinguish

21.The discussion quickly became a very       argument about increasing prices.

A. exploded               B. roaring           C. boiling               D. heated

22.The board deemed it urgent that these files       right away.

A. had to be printed      B. should have been printed      C. have been printed    D. be printed

23.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of       reality.

A. what it is conceived to    B. that is conceived    C. what is conceived to be D. that is conceived of

24.The decision       , the next problem was how to introduce a new budget.

A. being made            B. having made       C. was made              D. having been made

25.I felt myself       and my hands trembled as I read: We have your son. He is safe so far. If you obey orders he will be soon be back with you.

A. be growing cold        B. grow cold         C. have grown cold      D. to grow cold

26.He says he hasn’t got any money       in fact he’s got thousands of dollars in his account.

A.as                    B. since             C. while                  D. for

27.Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States       Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

A.than had              B. than was           C. than did                D. as was

28.He was more or less disappointed at       more guests.

A.not having       B. there not having        C. not having been        D. there not having been

29.Oh, what a nuisance! It       so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at home.

A.would have been      B. had been            C. would be             D. was

30.He rushed into the house and saved the boy out,       the intense fire.

A.irrespective of        B. instead of           C. in front of             D. in case of

Part II: Cloze (20%)

Directions: Read the passage through, then go back and choose one item of suitable word (s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word (s) you have chosen with a single line across the bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.

Although too much  31  to the sun’s ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer, sunshine may have a  32

effect against some cancers, U.S. scientists said in April. They  33  vitamin D, the so-called sunshine vitamin that is also found in fortified milk and  34  products, cod liver and some fatty fish, can help to slow down the speed  35  which cancer  36  divide. “This study found inverse  37  between both residential and occupational exposure to sunlight  38  mortality from female breast and colon cancers,” said Dr. Michael Freedman of the National Cancer  39  .

In research  40  in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Freedman and his team studied  41

from breast, ovarian, colon, prostate and skin cancers in 24 U.S. states between 1984 and 1995 to determine the  42  of sunlight on the disease.  43  surprisingly, they found more deaths from skin cancer in sunnier

44  but the number of people who died from the other cancers was lower in the  45  areas. Working  46

in a sunny climate was also associated with  47  breast and colon cancer deaths but not  48  the other cancers. Freedman said more research is needed to  49  the association between sunlight and  50  cancers.

31. A. exposure         B. addition          C. resolution       D. solution

32. A. potential         B. protective         C. insufficient      D. effective

33. A. signify          B. prescribe          C. reassure        D. suspect

34. A. agricultural      B. bean              C. meat           D. dairy

35. A. with            B. beyond           C. at             D. in

36. A. portions         B. cells             C. diseases         D. illnesses

37. A. associations      B. conclusions       C. judgments       D. illusions

38. A. or              B. for              C. but             D. and

39. A. Constitution     B. Conference        C. Institute         D. Operation

40. A. done           B. concerned         C. involved        D. reported

41. A. deaths          B. pains             C. sufferings       D. effects

42. A. degree         B. impact            C. intensity         D. depth

43. A. More          B.Not               C. Much           D.No

44. A. states          B. countries          C. cities           D. provinces

45. A. wet           B. windy             C. sunshine        D. dry

46. A. heavily        B. outdoors           C. offensively      D. hard

47. A. more          B. many             C. less            D. fewer

48. A. with          B. for                C. on             D. to

49. A. indicate       B. propel             C. explain         D. generate

50. A. other         B. vital              C. certain          D. severe

Part III: Reading Comprehension (25%)

Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center:

(1)

Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, the expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.

Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.

Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people.

While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feeling.

51.Which of the following statements best summarizes this passage?

A.When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication.

B.Everybody uses only one form of communication.

C.Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.

D.Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest.

52.Which of the following statements is not true?

A.There are many forms of communication in existence today.

B.Verbalization is the most common form of communication.

C.The deaf and mute use an oral form of communication.

D.Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language.

53.Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people?

A.picture signs   B. Braille         C. body language    D. signal flags

54.How many different forms of communication are mentioned here?

A.5           B. 7             C. 9               D. 11

55.Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally except for        .

A.spelling       B. ideas          C. whole words      D. expressions

(2)

To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possible -— and it can surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.

“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,” says Frederic, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good. “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”

So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:

Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Frederic says.

Don’t wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Frederic says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.

Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Frederic says.

Try to see things from the other person’s perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.

Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.

Don’t forget to forgive yourself. “For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” Frederic says. “But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.”

56.Forgiveness is           .

A.easy to do                         B.noble

C.only beneficial to physical health       D.impossible to get your grudge go

57.What does “wear and tear” mean?

A.Damage resulting from ordinary use.     B.Energy.

C.Friction.                            D.Moisture.

58.Which is Not the technique of healing?

A.Inhale deeply.                       B.Mentally replay your hurt often.

C.Distract your attention.                D.Think in another point of view.

59.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.The person who hurt you is sure to make an apology to you later on.

B.You may condone others’ wrong doings.

C.Forgiveness doesn’t equal obeyance.

D.You should negotiate with the person who upset you.

60.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Ways to get well from your hurt.

B.To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy.

C.Forgiveness benefits to your physical and mental health.

D.An introduction to the book Forgive for Good.

(3)

Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad as or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, let’s pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Let’s put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism.

But wait, we’ve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abolished by an amendment to the Constitution (the 18th) and by a law of Congress (the Volstead Act). After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquor”. Without any more liquor, people could not drink it, and if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?

Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drink. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders. Drinkers were lucky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition; instead people drank more alcohol than ever — often poisoned alcohol.

On December 5, 1933, they repealed prohibition by ratifying the 21st Amendment to the Constitution.

61.Which of the following was Not a characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?

A.There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.

B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.

C.Without liquor, people would not drink.

D.People wouldn’t become drunk or create a public nuisance.

62.During prohibition, illegal alcohol was         .

A.sold openly

B.no longer a temptation

C.a major factor in the passage of the Volstead Act

D.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders

63.When enacting the prohibition laws, people         .

A.lived in fear of the law

B.were willing to risk of arresting for the pleasure of liquor

C.recklessly endangered their communities

D.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them

64.When enacting the prohibition laws, government officials assumed that         .

A.every American would buy alcohol illegally

B.all criminal activities would cease

C.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcohol

D.the social threat from drunkenness would decline

65.It can be inferred from the passage that         .

A.the Congress was wise to repeal prohibition

B.the prohibition was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkenness

C.during prohibition, most Americans stop drinking

D.laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcohol beverage

(4)

Economics involves the study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and depression, big business and labor unions, and hundreds of other matters that intimately affect the way we live. Economic forces surround our daily lives, influencing how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we receive them.

Economic factors are major concerns in government’s decisions about how much to spend and for what purposes, and how much to raise in taxes and who should be taxed as well as in their evaluations of the consequences of war, peace, and disarmament. Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights have important consequences for all of us for both those who are discriminated against and those who are not. At a still more global level economic factors are involved in birth, health, death, population growth, and the dynamics of history.

In fact, probably without exception, each topic in economics not only touches somewhere on your own personal life but is also important to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.

The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services. Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature. A loaf of bread is the end result of long series of operations that begins with planting and harvesting grain and proceeds through milling, baking, and shipping to the point at which the housewife can pick the loaf off the grocer’s shelf. The driver filling his tank at a services station is taking the final step in a long chain of activities: drilling oil wells, moving petroleum in ships and pipelines, chemical treatment, refining and storage. The same is generally true of all goods.

The process of bridging the gap between the original resources of nature and needs of the final consumer is production. Production includes any activity that makes goods and services available to people. It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive, as are actors, musicians, entertainers, and others who perform services for our benefits.

66.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?

A.Economic factors influence our daily life.

B.Economic factors are major concerns in government’s decisions about some policies.

C.What we study in economics is how governments influence the use of land, labor, capital, etc.

D.The services of wholesalers, retailers and bankers are an important part of the productive process.

67.We may infer from the context that the word “encompass” (Line 4, Paragraph 5) means         .

A. surround         B. enclose        C. encircle         D. include

68.According to the passage, economics is the study of         .

A.production and consumption

B.government’s policy

C.activities that make goods available to people

D.consequences of war and peace.

69.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.The services of doctors, lawyers and teachers are unproductive.

B.Economic factors are involved in the development of history.

C.All that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature.

D.Job discrimination and unequal educational opportunities have important consequences only for those who are discriminated against.

70.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?

A.Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights are excluded from economic factors.

B.Each topic in economics deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.

C.Government policies determine the link between the resources of nature and needs of the consumer.

D. A housewife cannot pick a loaf of bread off the grocer’s shelf unless there is a good harvest.

(5)

It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the complex, so does the organization through which it educates its children. Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and demands. In a very simple social order, it may suffice to have the parents carry on the education of their children. However, as will be shown later in more detail, such a method may become entirely untenable（难 维持的）, and special individuals are entrusted with the task. These may be hired privately first, but soon the social group, the church, village, and the like will be responsible for education. Eventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this training is needed. Thus the influence of the local government unit, such as the town, township, and later the state or the province, becomes necessary. It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.

71.The closest restatement of the first sentence is          .

A.the more complex a social organization becomes, the more complex the educational system becomes

B.the complexity of a social organization depends on the complexity of the educational system

C.social organizations are truly as complex as they need to be for educational purposes

D.our society must be complex if we want our education system to serve our children’s educational requirements

72.The writer would probably argue for          .

A.more parental influence in education

B.an educational system which takes social complexity into account

C.strict state control of education

D.more special training for teachers

73.According to the passage, the reason why the local government unit becomes influential is that         .

A.teachers become too powerful

B.enrollment increases

C.a need arises to control the education of teachers

D.the church or village lacks the ability to oversee education

74.The author promises to explain          .

A.the necessity of the local governmental unit

B.why it is simpler to use the government to control education

C.the responsibility of the social group

D.why parents should not teach their children

75.We may infer from the context that the phrase “the task” in Line 6 refers to          .

A.the education of children

B.the training of teachers

C.the control of education

D.the influence of the local government unit

Part IV: Translation (25%)

Section A (10%)

Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on ANSWER SHEET II.

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

Section B (15%)

Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version on ANSWER SHEET II.

十九世纪末, 中国开始举办师范教育。1949年中华人民共和国成立之后, 在 各级政府的关心和支持下, 中国师范教育进入了前所未有的发展阶段。在科学技 术迅猛发展的今天, 振兴经济的希望在教育, 教师队伍的数量和质量对教育发展 具有决定性的影响。在中国这样一个拥有世界教师总量五分之一的庞大教师队伍 的, 人民教师的地位和作用直接关系到教育事业乃至整个的发展。

师范教育(teacher education)

Part V: Writing (15%)

Directions: Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words. Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on Answer Sheet II..

Experts are warning society that our children need more than a good life and that there are signs that “little emperors” are being spoiled. Yet parents are still tightening their belts to send their children to all kinds of “after-school schools” to learn things that the parents themselves seem to be interested in. Comment on this social phenomenon. Give your views on what our children need most.

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