首都师范大学2014年考博英语真题及答案（2）

首都师范大学2014年考博英语真题及答案

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Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Passage One

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e. worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population, growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist, trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employee-ship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employee-ship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee rather than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

31. It is implied that fifty years ago .

A. eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories

B. twenty per cent of intellectuals were employees

C. the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers

D. the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers

答案D

32. According to the passage, with the development of modern industry, .

A. factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in number

B. there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers

C. employers have attached great importance to factory laborers

D. the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreased

答案D

33. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is .

A. less important than awareness of being a good employee

B. as important as the ability to deal with public relations

C. more important than employer-employee relations

D. as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization

答案A

34. From the passage it can be seen that employee-ship helps one___.

A. to be more successful in his career

B. to solve technical problems

C. to be more specialized in his field

D. to develop his professional skill

答案A

Passage Two

The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to" aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism, as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.

There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis （诊断）and treatment of the person seeking help.

Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.

35. The main idea of the first paragraph is that .

A. generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers of journalism

B. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing

C. concepts and contextual implications arc of secondary importance in journalistic interviewing

D. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews

答案B

36. Much has been done on interviews in general .

A. so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened

B. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attention

C. but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected

D. and there lias also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing

答案C

37. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, .

A. but most of them wish to stay away from it

B. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day

C. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it

D. but most of them may not have been interviewed in person

答案D

38. The passage is most likely a part of .

A. a news article B. a research report

C. a journalistic interview D. a preface

答案D

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