首都师范大学2015年考博英语真题及答案（2）

首都师范大学2015年考博英语真题及答案

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Part II Reading Comprclicnsion (40 points)

Passage One

Everyone has a moment in history, which belongs particularly to him. It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him. and afterward when you say to this person “the world today” or “life” or “reality”，he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed emotions, imprinted itself upon him, and he carries the stamp of that passing moment forever.

For me, this moment—four years in a moment in history一was the war. The war was and is reality for me, I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. There are some of its characteristics: Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the president of the United States, and he always has been. The other two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. America is not, never has been, and never will be what the song and poems call it, a land of plenty.

Nylon, meal, gasoline, and steel are rare. There are too many jobs and not enough workers. Money is very easy to earn but rather hard to spend, because there isn't very much to buy. Trains are always late and always crowded with “service men". The war will always be fought very far from America, and it will never end. Nothing in America stands still for very long, including the people who are always either leaving or on leave. People in America cry often. Sixteen is the key and crucial and natural age for a human being to be, and people of all other ages are ranged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a harmonious setting for the sixteen-ycar-olds of the world. When you are sixteen, adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting for them. You do not foresee it. To waste anything in America is immoral. String and tinfoil are treasures, Newspapers are always crowed with strange maps and names of towns, and every few months the earth seems to lurch from its path when you see something in the newspapers, such as the time Mussolini, who almost seemed one of the eternal leaders, is photographed hanging upside down on a meat hook.

31.Which statement best depicts the main idea of the first paragraph?

A.Reality is what you make of it.B. Time is like a river.

C. Emotions are powerful.D. Every person has a special moment.

答案 D

32.The author still clearly remembers the war because .

A.Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President.

B.it was his personal reality and part of his life.

C.there was not much to buy

D.the war would never end.

答案 B

33.Which statement best describes the author's feelings about the war?

A.It was ever real for him, yet he was not actively involved.

B.It was real for him because he was a soldier at that time.

C.It was very unreal to him.

D.The war was very disruptive to the people at home.

答案 A

34.The author thinks that adults are impressed with sixteen-year-olds because .

A.adults would like to be young

B.sixteen-year-olds do not waste things C sixteen-year-olds read newspapers

D. they will be fighting soon for adults.

答案 D

Passage Two

The British psychoanalyst John Bowl by maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.

Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it.

Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated

and controversial.

Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.

35.The phrase “predispose to” (Para. 1, line 2) most probably means .

A. lead to B. dispose to C. get into D. tend to suffer

答案 D

36.According to Bowlby’s analysis, it is quite possible that .

A.children’s personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.

B.early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.

C.children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.

D.some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from children’s development.

答案 C

37.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that .

A.traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.

B.Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.

C.A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.

D.Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents

答案 A

38.The writer concludes that .

A.it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school

B.it is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children

C.it is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school

D.it is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school

答案 D

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