2021年考博英语长难句分析（六）

1.The children is individually equipped, by the complex set of factors [that we term biological heredity], to make all the needed muscular and nervous adjustments [that result in walking].

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句：The children is individually equipped.

【译文】孩子们个体配备。

②分句一：that we term biological heredity

类型：定语从句；连接词：that

【译文】我们称之为生物遗传

分句二：that result in walking

类型：定语从句；连接词：that

【译文】 促使行走

其他修饰成分：by the complex set … 为方式状语，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句；to make all the needed … 为目的状语，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句。

【全句译文】孩子个体配备是有生物遗传这一系列复杂的因素决定的，促使行走所需要的肌肉和神经进行调整。

2.{Although they are a little awed by youths [who will work for months (to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers)]}, value-oriented adults tell parents to admire [their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing (how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth)].

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句: value-oriented adults tell parents to admire…

【译文】以价值为导向的成年人告诉父母去欣赏……

②分句一：Although they are a little awed by youths…developers

类型：让步状语从句；连接词：although

【译文】尽管有点敬畏……的年轻人

分句二：who will work for months to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers

类型：定语从句；连接词：who

【译文】为避免自然保护区被开发者开采而工作几个月

分句三：their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing…

类型：宾语从句；连接词：省略了that

【译文】承认这些年轻人的行动比吞咽金鱼……的行动更有意义

分句四：how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth

类型：宾语从句；连接词：how

【译文】观看有多少小孩能挤进一个电话亭

【全句译文】尽管有点敬畏那些为避免自然保护区被开发者开采而工作几个月的年轻人，但这些以价值为导向的成年人告诉父母们去敬佩他们的年轻人（即他们的子女），去承认这些年轻人的行动比吞咽金鱼或观看多少小孩能挤进一个电话亭的行动更有意义。

3.In general, the tests work most effectively [when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined] and least effectively [when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined].

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句：The tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…

【译文】当……测试最为有效；当……测试效果最差

②分句一：when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined

类型：时间状语从句；连接词：when

【译文】当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时

分句二：when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined

类型：时间状语从句；连接词：when

【译文】当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时

【全句译文】一般来讲，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。

4.One difficulty is [that almost all of (what is called behavioral science) continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on].

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句：One difficulty is that …

【译文】困难之一在于…

②分句一：that almost…continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

类型：表语从句；连接词：that

【译文】……几乎全部都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

分句二：what is called behavioral science

类型：宾语从句（介词of后的宾语）；连接词：what

【译文】所谓的行为科学

【全句译文】困难之一在于：所谓的行为科学几乎全部都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

5.The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy [in which consumers largely determine (what shall be produced) by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services they want most.]

这是个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句：The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy

【译文】美国的经济体制基本上是以市场经济为中心建立起来的。

②分句一：in which consumers largely determine…

类型：定语从句；连接词：in which

【译文】在这种体制下，消费者在很大程度上决定了……

分句二：what shall be produced

类型：宾语从句；连接词：what

【译文】产品生产

【全句译文】美国的经济体制基本上是以市场经济为中心建立起来的。在这种经济体制下，消费者通过在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的产品和服务，在很大程度上决定了产品的生产。