2021年考博英语长难句分析（七）

1.{While it’s true [that techniques of active listening, (such as trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point to taking intelligent notes), can enhance the value of lecture]}, few students possess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句：few students possess such skills

【译文】很少有学生掌握这些技巧

②分句一：while it’s true …

类型：让步状语从句；连接词：while

【译文】尽管……是真的

分句二：that techniques of active listening…can enhance the value of lecture

类型：主语从句(it是形式主语)；连接词：that

【译文】 积极听课的技巧能够提高听课的价值，如设法预测说话人的下一个要点以便有选择地记笔记

其他修饰成分：such as trying to anticipate the speaker’s next point to taking intelligent notes是插入语；at the beginning of their college careers是时间状语。

【全句译文】的确，积极听课的技巧能够提高听课的价值，如设法预测说话人的下一个要点以便有选择地记笔记；但是很少有学生在大学学习的开始阶段就掌握这些技巧。

2.Two decades of research produced a consensus among social scientists of both left and right [that family structure has a serious impact on children, even (when controlling for income, race, and other variables)].

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句: Two decades of research produced a consensus

【译文】20年的研究产生了一种共识

②分句一：that family structure has … variables

类型：同位语从句；连接词：that

【译文】家庭结构对儿童有严重的影响……

分句二：even when controlling for income, race, and other variables

类型：时间状语从句；连接词：when

When引导时间状语从句，其中省略了主语“Two decades of research”同时将谓语变成了非谓语动词形式，由于是主动语态，所以用现在分词形式“controlling”，其中for income, race…为原因状语。

【译文】即使当收入、种族和其它可变因素受到控制时也是如此

【全句译文】20年的研究在美国左翼和右翼社会科学家中都产生了一种共识，即家庭结构对儿童有严重的影响，即使当收入、种族和其它可变因素受到控制时也是如此。

3.In our discussion of instincts we saw {[that there was reason to believe that (whatever we inherit) must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior]}.

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句：we saw that…

【译文】我们相信……

②分句一：that there was reason to believe…

类型：宾语从句；连接词：that

【译文】有理由相信……

分句二：that …must be of some very simple sort……

类型：宾语从句；连接词：that

其中，rather than是并列连词，使“some very simple sort”和“any complicated or very definite kind of behavior”并列

分句三：whatever we inherit

类型：主语从句；连接词：whatever

【译文】我们遗传的东西

【全句译文】当讨论本能的时候，我们有理由相信所有遗传的东西一定是简单的，而不是复杂的或者某种特定类型的行为。

4.Those in charge of running the IT basic facilities are expected to ensure {that operations run efficiently [with minimal downtime and with the ability to troubleshoot (where appropriate)]}.

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句：Those are expected to ensure…

【译文】人们期望……能确保

②分句一：that operations run efficiently ...

类型：宾语从句；连接词：that

【译文】操作有效运行

分句二：where appropriate

类型：地点状语从句；连接词：where

状语从句中省略了主语和系动词“where to troubleshoot is appropriate”

其他修饰成分：in charge of running the IT basic facilities做后置定语修饰those；with minimal downtime and with the ability to troubleshoot where appropriate做伴随状语。

【全句译文】人们期望负责运行IT基本设施的那些人能确保操作有效地运行、故障时间最小化和有能力在适当的情况下找出故障。

5.In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position”.

这是个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

①主句：the university publicly stressed …

【译文】学校公开强调……

②分句一：that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position”

类型：宾语从句；连接词：that

【译文】艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”

分句二：when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor

类型：非限制性定语从句；连接词：when

【译文】剑桥大学任命前艾莉森•理查德为副校长

其他修饰成分：another former Yale provost是Alison Richard的同位语

【全句译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。