学位英语考试常用词组（三）

believe与believe in

believe作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示"相信"的意思；后接从句时表示"认为"。例如：

I don't believe his story.

我不相信他所说的。

I believe he told us the truth.

我认为他告诉我们的是真的。

而believe in是一个动介型短语动词，这时believe是不及物动词，一起表示"信任"即"trust" 的意思。例如：

She doesn't believe in God.

她不信奉上帝。

They believe in astrology and let it rule their lives completely.

他们相信占星术并且由它来绝对支配他们的生活。

believe与believe in的后面均可接人的名词或代词，但其意义不同。试比较：

I believe in him. (= I trust him.)

我信任他。

I believe him. (= I believe what he says.)

我相信他的话。

beside与besides

这两个词都是介词，且只相差一个字母，但意义却相差甚远。beside的意思是"在……旁边" 和"与……比较起来"。例如：

May I sit beside you?

我可以坐在你的旁边吗？

This year's profits don't look very good beside last year's results.

与去年相比，今年的利润看来不太好。

besides的意思是"除……之外（还）"，相当于 "in addition to"。例如：

There were three other people at the meeting besides Mr. Smith.

与会的除了史密斯先生外，还有三人。

注：besides还可作副词用，解释为"此外，而且"。例如：

I don't feel like dancing tonight. Besides, I will have an exam tomorrow.

我今晚不想跳舞，再说我明天还要测验呢。

blow up与blow out

blow up一词的含义颇多，可归纳为：

1. 炸毁

The soldiers blew up the bridge with dynamite.

士兵们用炸药把桥炸毁了。

2. 发脾气，责骂

When we arrived a little late, our boss blew us up.

我们晚到了一会儿，老板就骂了我们一顿。

Mary was two hours late home from the party and his father really blew her up.

玛丽聚会后回到家里比她答应的时间晚了两小时就遭到她父亲的一顿骂。

3. 打气

Be sure to blow up the type before you drive off.

开车之前，一定要把轮胎打足气。

而blow out则表示"吹灭"。

She blew out the candle on her birthday cake.

她吹灭了生日蛋糕上的蜡烛。

Blow out the lamp, please.

请吹灭灯。

break into与break in

这两个词组"长"得很像，有人甚至认为它们完全可以互换，其实则不然。 "break into"表示"破门而入，闯入"。例如：

A house was broken into between midnight and 5 a.m.

在午夜到早上5点这段时间，有人闯入一家房子。

The robbers broke into his home and robbed him of many possessions.

强盗们闯进他的家中，抢走了许多财物。

但它还有一个意思，就是"突然开始……"，即    "to suddenly start to do sth."。例如：

The audience broke into cheers as the band came on stage.

当这支乐队一出场，观众就报以热烈的掌声。

而 "break in"的另外一个意思是"打断（话）；插嘴"。例如：

Don't break in when he is telling the story.

他讲故事的时候，别打断他。

"There's no doubt about it," he broke in.

"那是毫无疑问的，"他插嘴说。

Excuse me for breaking in on your conversation.

请原谅我打断了你们的谈话。

burn out与burn up

这两个词组都是动副型动词，在表示"烧光，烧尽"时，可通用。例如：

The big fire burned out (up) two tall buildings.

这场大火把两座高楼烧掉了。

burn out主要指灯泡，设备等"烧坏"；它还可以表示"放火将……赶出"。例如：

Any electric light bulb will eventually burn out.

任何灯炮最后总会烧坏。

I turn on a switch but the light had burnt out.

我打开电源，但电灯已经烧坏了。

Hundreds of families have been burnt out of their homes.

有人放火使数百人无家可归。

but do与but to do

这两个词组都可表示"除了做……之外"的意思，相当于except do与except to do。它们属于 "but不定式"结构，即but是介词，后接带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。比如在but前面的句子中出现了实义动词do, but后一般接不带to的不定式。反之则用but to do的形式。例如：

He could do nothing but wait.

他除了等，别无它法。

He had no choice but to kill himself.

他除了自杀外，别无其它选择。

by heart与at heart

这两个词组在句中均作状语，在意义上却有所不同。by heart 指"靠记忆（by memory）",常与动词get, learn, know等连用。例如：

The students have learned many new words by heart.

学生们已背熟很多新单词了。

He has made the speech so many times that he knows every word of it by heart.

这篇演讲他讲过好多次了，因此，他能把里面的每句话记得清清楚楚。

at heart有两种意义：一是"在本质上"；二是"在内心深处；关心的"。例如：

His manners are rough, but he is a kind man at heart.

他态度粗鲁，但在本质上是个善良的人。

When I say "Don't eat sweets", I have your health at heart.

当我说"你不要吃甜食"时，我是在关心你的健康。

He has the welfare of the poor people at heart.

他把贫苦人民的福利放在心里。

by turns与in turn

by turns表示"轮流地，交替地"的意思，相当于alternately, 多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作，例如：

We clean the classroom by turns.

我们轮流打扫教室。

She went hot and cold by turns.

她一阵发热一阵发冷。

in turn有两种意义：一是"依次地；轮流地"，含有one after another和in proper order的意义；二是"转而，反过来"。例如：

They spoke at the meeting in turn.

他们依次在会上发了言。

Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.

理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。

by chance与by any chance

by chance表示"偶然地，意外地，碰巧"的意思，相当于by accident，在句中作状语。例如：

I had no idea he was there. I met him by chance.

我不知道他会在那儿，我是偶然碰见他的。

The news came to my ears by chance.

我是偶然听到这个消息的。

by any chance表示"万一；也许"的意思时，在句子中作插入语，它一般用于否定句或疑问句中。例如：

If, by any chance, he failed to come, we'll ask John to work the machine.

万一他不来，我们就叫约翰开机器。

Have you by any chance a map of Shanghai?

你也许有上海的地图吧？but for与but that

but for表示"要不是"的意思，相当于if it were not for, if it had not been for。它常用于虚拟语气。for 是介词，其后只能接名词（词组）。例如：

But for your help and guidance, I should fail.

要不是你的帮助与指导，我早就失败了。

but that 表示"除……以外，除非"等意思，相当于except that; 也可以表示"要不是"的意思。but that后接从句。例如：

We ask nothing from you but that you should give a clear statement of the facts.

我们什么也不要你的，就是要你把实情清楚地交代出来。

He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.

要不是他当时没有钱，他就帮助我们了。

It will go hard but that we shall bring more land under cultivation.

除非我们扩大耕地面积，否则事情就不好办。