2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题

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Part I Vocabulary (20%)

Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

1. Not knowing a foreign language is a(n) to enjoying travel abroad.

A. barrier B. opponent C. challenge D. limitation

2. He the driver who was attempting to pass for the accident.

A. accused B. charged C. blamed D. criticized

3. A copyright protects authors and creators against reproduction or use of writings and other original works of authorship for the life of the author plus 50 years.

A. undermined B. unduplicated C. unexpired D. unauthorized

4. Some teachers their students，poor performance partially to a lack of intelligence.

A. owe B. contribute C. attribute D. minister

5. Many buildings here do not allow smoking ； some will permit smoking only in areas.

A. designated B. designed C. dedicated D. descended

6. The President the public that taxes would not be increased after the election.

A. ensured B. insured C. assured D. secured

7. The police are investigating how $ 20 million was illegally out of the bank account.

A. transformed B. transferred C. transmitted D. transplanted

8. I know that if I start watching soap opera I will immediately become hopelessly to it.

A. excited B. addicted C. interested D. fascinated

9. Most drugstores and big supermarkets have pharmacy (药房)department where the pharmacist will fill your •

A. presentation B. preposition C. preservation D. prescription

10. Many problems have as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.

A. risen B. arisen C. raised D. aroused

11. The peach tree they planted when they got married began to fruit last year.

A. make B. grow C. bear D. enjoy

12. Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be from school.

A. induced B. disobeyed C. expelled D. forbidden

13. The man was sentenced to 10 years in prison because he a government official.

A. bribed B. cheated C. lied D. tricked

14. As a lawyer, she has a high success in the cases she handles.

A. pace B. rate C. ratio D. percent

15. After research by a government council official confidently stated that this area of the sea is much safer than any other.

A. partial B. absolute C. extreme D. extensive

16. The top floors of a building collapsed trapping a construction worker in the rubble (瓦碓)， but he was and can speak to rescuers.

A. reasonable B. awake C. conscious D. talkative

The latest research seems to that emotional maturity and self-knowledge is the key elements for success.

A. imply B. confront C. inquire D. encounter

Although the nuclear radiation problems remain unsolved, the government’s emphasis has been from unclear to coal.

A. attached B. switched C. located D. intended

He is by no means a(n) man. On the contrary, he always departs from customs.

A. intelligent B. ignorant C. traditional D. disgraceful

In many Middle Eastern cultures, deadline is taken as a (n) and such business behavior may lose the overseas salesperson business.

A. insult B. campaign C. favor D. competition

Apartments owned by business often have a fixed price, but private owners are more inclined to .

A. negotiate B. surrender C. coordinate D. mediate

Dr. Hamiltonian was only going to make some introductory remarks，but giving the speech himself when the speaker came down with the flu.

A. set up B. turned up C. ended up D. came up

telephone service provides immediate access to related personnel，which is free of charge.

A. Immediate B. Emergency C. Emergence D. Emerging

More than two parties in different locations can talk via a conference call.

A. singularly B. mutually C. similarly D. simultaneously

Never talk about that restaurant in front of me. It is satisfactory.

A. nothing but B. anything but C. something but D. everything but

We were all by the riddle “ Why Bob and Tom are not twins though they have the same parents and were born almost at the same time?”.

A. distorted B. detached C. breached D. baffled

Don’t keep us in any longer. Tell us what happened so that we can give you a hand.

A. suspense B. doubt C. suspect D. suspicion

I’ve been very lazy but I’m going to turn over a new and work hard.

A. page B. leaf C. paper D. piece

You have to speak to her louder as her hearing is found to be slightly .

A. affectionate B. defensive C. effective D. defective

Only a person with a pair of keen eyes could pick out those paintings from these unwanted materials.

A. valueless B. worthless C. priceless D. featureless

On weekends，people are queuing in the supermarket to for there are only a few cashes.

A. check on B. check up C. check in D. check out

If you don’t cooking today, we can go out to eat at the new restaurant.

A. go off B. feel like C. try out D. take up

Do you her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?

A. classify B. notify C. simplify D. justify

34. He suggested transporting the goods by air. This is absolutely not , for it will cost too much.

A. genuine B. exclusive C. practical D. incredible

35. It will be worth the effort even if you fail； the rewards you will be great.

A. reap B. boast C. assure D. cultivate

36. I wish to a master’s degree in electric engineering after I graduate from college.

A. pledge B. explore C. pursue D. approach

37. The people were very happy to see the government taking measures to the possibility of inflation.

A. maintain B. facilitate C. enclose D. eliminate

38. The investigation evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.

A. uncovered B. outweighed C. overwhelmed D. evolved

39. Mothers tend to be too towards their children. They should let them see more of the world.

A. hopeful B. protective C. modest D. considerate

40. No other drugs are as good as this one； it must have been based on a(n) formula.

A. unique B. stimulating C. enormous D. overwhelming

Part II Reading Comprehension

Directions: In this part you are going to read six passages. Each of the passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question there are four choices marked A) , B)，C) and D). Decide on the best choice according to the passage you have read, then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Marriage therapists teach a skill called active listening. Each partner takes a turn listening then interprets what he/she has heard and validates (证实)it. There is, however, a problem. It rarely works. For 80 percent of couples, active listening is too hard. Even happy couples have screaming matches. Every time you raise a hot-button issue, such as — the in-laws or money, does your husband suddenly clam up? More than 80 percent of the time, it is the wife who brings up tricky marital issues, while the husband tries to avoid discussing them. This isn’t a symptom of a troubled marriage — it’s true in most happy marriages.

You’ll often hear that staying in a bad marriage is worse, for everybody concerned — especially the children — than getting divorced. That may be true if your home is so full of hostility that it’s like a war zone. But sociologist Linder J. Waite says she has found that 75 percent of couples who rated their marriages as miserable but stayed married were happy five years later. We usually think the strongest marriages are those that survive major traumas, such as bankruptcy or an extramarital affair. But frequently, dealing with the little things, those daily annoyances, eats away at a marriage. “Every couple experiences disappointment as initial romance and passion fade and they discover all their difference,” says Wolin. “He doesn’t do enough housework. She is too emotional. He watches too much TV. She’s too lenient (宽容)with the kids. People think of these differences as problems, but they’re actually opportunities to build marital muscles.

41. Which of the following is NOT true about active listening?

A. Active listening has proven to be a little impractical.

B. A majority of couples don’t practice active listening.

C. Active listening doesn’t ensure happy marriages.

D. Happy couples never shout at each other.

42. The phrase “clam up”(Line 5. Para. 1) probably means •

A. shut up B. get up C. show up D. cheer up

43. We know from Paragraph 1 that the author thinks that a happy marriage .

A. is always full of romance and passion

B. requires the tolerance of the husband

C. may not be free of quarrels and fights

D. excludes the discussion of sticky martial issues

44. What is implied in the passage about divorce in the passage?

A. A bad marriage should end up in divorce to avoid further harm

B. Divorce is not the best solution to bad marriage.

C. Most couples get divorced for the sake of their children.

D. Divorce is much better than suffering in a bad marriage.

45. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Daily annoyances can do harm to marriages.

B. Marriage is not for romance and passion.

C. Differences are essential for happy marriages.

D. Surviving major misfortunes help strengthen marriages.

Passage Two

Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant that causes human health problems even at very low levels. It also damages crops and other vegetation. It is a key ingredient of urban smog. “Good ozone” occurs naturally in the stratosphere approximately 10 to 30 miles above the earth’s surface and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the sun’s harmful rays. “Bad ozone” is formed in the earth’s lower atmosphere, near ground level, when pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the present of sunlight. Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months when the weather conditions needed to form ground-level ozone — lots of sun, hot temperatures — normally occur. The length of ozone season varies from one area of the United States to another. Southern and southwestern states may have an ozone season that lasts nearly the entire year. Ozone can irritate lung airways and cause inflammation much like sunburn. Other symptoms include wheezing, coughing, pain when taking it deep breath, and breathing difficulties during exercise of outdoor activities. People with respiratory problems are most vulnerable, but even healthy people who are active outdoors can be affected when ozone levels are high. Repeated exposure to ozone pollution for several months may cause permanent lung damage. Anyone who spends time outdoors in the summer is at risk, particularly children and other people who are active outdoors. Even at very low levels, ground-level ozone triggers a variety of problems including aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis. Ozone damage can occur without any noticeable signs. People who love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away overt time — particularly when exposure to high ozone levels continues for several days. Ozone continues to cause lung damage even when the symptoms have disappeared.

46. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. “Bad zone” comes into existence in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.

B. “Good zone” appears in the Earth’s lower atmosphere, near ground-level.

C. “Bad zone” only damages crops and other vegetation.

D. Ground-level ozone is made up of pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, and so on.

47. It can be learned from the passage that •

A. urban smog mainly consists of “good ozone”

B. “bad ozone” protects us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays

C. ozone pollution is especially harmful to people’s health in summer

D. the states in the North and Northwest of the U. S. may have the longest ozone season

48. What does the word “vulnerable”（Line 3，Para. 3） most probably mean?

A. Hard to deal with. B. Harmful and dangerous.

C. Easy to be hurt or affected. D. Hot in temper and hard to calm down.

49. According to the passage，ground-level ozone causes the following health problems EXCEPT

A. stomach cancer B. more serious asthma

C. decreased lung capacity D. pneumonia and bronchitis

50. We can see that the passage is mainly about .

A. “good ozone” and its function of protecting people

B. ozone pollution and its effects on people’s health

C. the measures that Southern states of the U. S. should take against ozone pollution

D. how people with respiratory problems should protect themselves from ozone pollution

Passage Three

School buildings themselves can reflect liberal or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom. The earliest schools built to accommodate large numbers of children had separate classrooms for graded groups. The rooms were laid out formally, with pupils’ desks bolted to the floor in straight rows facing the teacher’s desk. Clearly, the school itself reflected a teacher-and subject-centered view of education.

Schools of the next generation, built after 1940, were lighter and airier and had more open space, and most had movable desks. They also often provided special rooms or areas for science, art, music, and physical education. There were still separate rooms for different grade levels, however, and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged in straight, rows. That is, the schoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program, which involved grade levels, uniform time blocks, uniformity of instruction, and absorption of subject matter. Newer subjects, not newer teaching methods, accounted for most of what was new in school design.

The first school buildings specifically to facilitate liberal teaching methods began to appear in the mid-1950s. Folding interior walls — or no walls at all _ permitted the flexible use of space to encourage large-group, small-group, or individual instruction. Some provided carrels for individual study, areas designed for team teaching, centers for programmed instruction and a language laboratory. In the newest buildings — called open schools — the use of space is even more flexible. Since so much of the space is undifferentiated, areas within the buildings can be readily expanded, converted to accommodate program changes, and used for many kinds of functions. As a reflection of a conservative or liberal attitude toward education, the physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices. But it cannot determine what those practices will be. It may

be difficult for a conservative teacher to operate in a physically open classroom or for liberal teacher to operate in formal classroom. But it is not impossible. What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative, in terms of the education the students receive, is the spirit and attitude of the teacher.

51. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. The physical layout of school buildings can reflect liberal or conservative views about education.

B. The physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices.

C. The spirit and attitude of the teachers determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative.

D. The development of school buildings reflects the improvement in education quality.

52. What’s the greatest difference between the earliest and the second generation schools?

A. The former had separate classrooms for different grades while the latter not.

B. Classrooms were laid out formally in the former while informally in the latter.

C. Teaching methods are newer in the latter as compared with the former.

D. Subjects are newer in the latter as compared with the former.

53. The word “carrel” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to .

A. a small room with a desk B. a bookshelf with reference materials

C. a self-study aiding tool D. a computer with teaching courseware

54. According to the passage, we may infer that the newest school buildings reflect •

A. a teacher-centered view of education B. a student-centered view of education

C. a subject-centered view of education D. a practice-centered view of education

55. The author holds a(n) view towards the open schools in terms of how they affect teaching practices.

A. positive B. objective C. doubtful D. indifferent

Passage Four

Every successful person has one thing in common. If you asked how they were able to reach their career goals, the answer would undoubtedly be the same, a mentor. A mentor is someone who supports, coaches, and advises you along your career path. None of us stands alone and without proper guidance and support from someone that can show us the topes, our paths are more difficult. Women have been missing the boat when it comes to taking advantage of the wealth of information other successful women have. Though this may not be by choice, most women find it very difficult to connect with other women on this level.

One study showed two overwhelming reasons why this group of women felt they were having such a difficult time. They agreed that because they face what is known as the concrete ceiling and the lack of successful women role models, their chances for success are very limited. Mentoring has long been recognized by our male counterparts as a necessary part of career advancement. A mentor can help you avoid common pitfall associated with your career because they have been there and done that. Their advice can be invaluable to you at every level of your career. Even the most successful individuals and top level executives depend on mentors or career coaches to assist them in difficult situations and to improve their skills and knowledge.

Mentoring is a very special and unique relationship that allows each person to benefit from the experience. Women who have chosen to volunteer as mentors, in most cases have been mentored themselves. They recognize the benefits of such a relationship and want to offer the same kind of support to someone else. Career success takes more than just your typical college education； it requires networking skills and the support of influential people. A mentor can introduce you to other influential people, offer advice, make suggestions for a particular career path and even let you vent your career frustrations. One of the most important decisions you should make about your career is to seek out a mentor and begin to build this very powerful and wonderful relationship to help insure your future career success.

56. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that .

A. mentoring is quite prevalent among career “women”，who tend to support, coach and advise those inexperienced women

B. some women lose some good chances for career success because other successful women are not so willing to offer help

C. sometimes even a mentor can’t help you avoid making silly mistakes associated with your career

D. there are some exceptions such as the most successful individual and top level executive, who don’t need mentors or career coaches

57. The phrase “the concrete ceiling”（Line 2，Para. 2） most probably mean .

A. official upper limit, existing as something real or solid rather than what is imagined in the mind

B. the inner surface of the top of a room, being made of concrete

C. the height above the concrete ground

D. the greatest height at which a particular type of plane can fly safely

58. It can be learned from the passage that .

A. a person can achieve career success with or without a mentor behind

B. some people can reach their career goals on their own

C. there is always a mentor behind every successful person

D. successful career women are likely to offer help to other women

59. According to the passage，a mentor can do the following EXCEPT .

A. giving you advice and making suggestions for a particular career path

B. introducing you to other influential people, who can help you achieve your career success

C. helping you master the most up-to-date technology

D. even letting you express your frustrations about your career

60. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Men, women, and their career success.

B. The importance of mentoring.

C. Limited chances for career success.

D. The common way to career success for women.

Passage Five

Playing violent video games can have immediate and lasting effects on a person’s thoughts and behavior, new research shows. In fact, researchers report that the interactive and increasingly graphic mature of some video games makes them “potentially more dangerous” than violence-charged television and movies.

Psychologists Anderson and Dill conducted two studies. In one study of 227 college students, the investigators found that students who more frequently played violent video games during junior high and high school were more likely to have engaged in “aggressive behavior”. A second study in which 210 college students played either a violent or non-violent video game revealed that the violence-packed game increased subjects’ aggression immediately afterwards.

In the first study, the investigators questioned students on their natural levels of aggression and irritability, and their delinquent （3E法的）behavior — for instance whether they had bit other students in the past year. The investigators found that students with aggressive personalities and those who more often played violent video games were more prone to real-life aggression. Students who considered themselves aggressive were also more likely to play violet video games. Since aggressive people may seek out violet games, coming to the conclusion that the video games caused real-life delinquency is too risky.

However, the second study lined video-game violence with immediate increases in aggression. Anderson and Dill had students play either a violent game or a nonviolent game and let the students believe they were playing against an opponent in another room after completing the video game, participants played a competitive-reaction game with their imaginary opponents, in this game the winner was allowed to publish the loser with a noise blast （卩向亮的噪音）.The researchers found that students who were fresh from the violent video game blasted their opponents longer than those who played the nonviolent game.

Because video games show short-term and long-term effects, Anderson and Dill suppose that video- game violence influences behavior not by arousing aggressive feelings，but by teaching players to find “aggressive solutions” to problems. Unlike TV, many video games demand that player identify with the aggressor and actively participate in violence.

61. According to the passage，violent video games may be more dangerous than violent movies or TV programs because video games .

A. tend to be more violent

B. lay more emphasis on violent acts

C. require active involvement of players

D. arouse aggressive feelings more quickly

62. The purpose of the firist study was to try to establish a cause effect relationship between

A. aggressive personality and real-life violence

B. violent behavior in the past and violent behavior at present

C. aggressive personality and more involvement in playing violent video games

D. more involvement in playing violent video games and aggressive behavior

63. In order to find out the short-term effect of violent video game, researchers ，

A. asked game players to blast the loser in the violent video games

B. observed the behavior of game players when playing violent video games

C. put game players into a real fight in a small room with aggressive opponents

D. observed game players’ reaction to their imaginary opponents in competitive games

64. Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?

A. Violent video games arouse aggressive feeling in game players.

B. Violent video games inevitably result in delinquent behavior of game players.

C. Violent video games teach players to solve problems in an aggressive ways.

D. Violent video games have short-term and long-term effects on game players.

65. This best title of the passage can be .

A. Effects of Violent Video Games

B. Video Games Increase Crimes

C. Video Games and Psychology

D. New Research Findings of Video Games.

Passage Six

It is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they don’t hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However, women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problem might only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing.

The age at which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30’s，but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms. I’ve watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety. He tells me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them “tailored”.

Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often, wives and children play important roles in their fat-inspection rituals. Take my oldest brother，a former college football player. His daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out. “Fat medium or thin?” She knows the correct answer medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch，and fat may not get her that new video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning (before the day’s meals take their toll)，puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says，“Ami getting fatter?” His wife is expected to answer. “You look like you may have lost a few pounds. ’’

And then there are the ex-husbands, a pitiful group. They are extremely vocal. When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasn’t eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restaurant, where he again pause、to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive. Do I think he’s fat?

66. Which statement is FALSE concerning the attitude women take towards the fat problem?

A. They want to deal with it by themselves.

B. They don’t talk about it in the presence of men.

C. They try to hide their fat part with proper clothes.

D. They think it is rude to talk about it in public.

67. According to the context, “rattle on unabashedly” in Para. 3 means .

A. they are not ashamed to talk about the fat problem

B. they talk about the fat problem quickly

C. they feel sorry to talk about the fat problem

D. they talk about the problem so loudly that others can hear them

68. According to the passage, what does the author，s oldest brother look like?

A. He is a thin man. B. He is a strong man.

C. He is a fat man. D. He is a medium-size man.

69. What is men’s attitude toward the fat problem?

A. They behave as if nothing has happened.

B. They face the fat problem with dignity.

C. They go on diet immediately after they find they are overweight.

D. They talk about it wherever and whenever it is possible.

70. Which of the following statements best summarizes the different attitudes of men and women toward the fat problem?

A. Women feel shameful while men do not.

B. Women face the problem calmly while men make a fuss of it.

C. Women do not discuss it in public while men talk about it all the time.

D. Women want to hide their fat body part while men show it all the time.

Part ffl Cloze (25%)

Section A (10%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Reading books is a habit that is popularly 71 by more and more people. It benefits our lives by improving our knowledge to a large 72 ，helping us relax and become more confident in communication. Someone says, uBooks are a guide in youth and 73 for age. They support us under solitude, and keep us 74 being a burden to ourselves. Perhaps no other thing has such power to 75 the poor out of his poverty，and the wretched out of his misery. Books can make the burden-bearer forget his burden, the sick his 76 ，the sorrower his grief. They are friends to the 77 ，joy to the joyless, hope to the hopeless. They bring light into darkness, and 78 into shadow.

The greatest advantage of books does not always come from what we 79 of them, but from their suggestiveness. A good book often 80 as a match to light the dormant powder within us. There is explosive material enough in most of us only 81 we can only reach it. A good book or a good friend often wakes up our 82 . We 83 many of our opinions from our favorite books. The author whom we like can become the most 84 teacher because we look at the world 85 his eyes. If we habitually read books that are pure in style, 86 in reasoning and keen in insight, our minds develop the same characteristics. If on the 87 , we read weak and vicious books, our minds contract the faults and 88 of the books. We cannot escape the influence of what we read 89 more than we can escape the influence of the air that we breathe. Clearly, no one can 90 all of these benefits that are offered by the habit of reading books. A routine reading can have positive influences on our lives by strengthening us mentally, spiritually and socially.

71. A. taken up B. built up C. held up D. made up

72. A. extend B. extent C. extension D. expansion

73. A. business B. matter C. entertainment D. burden

74. A. off B. up C. out D. from

75. A. save B. lift C. keep D. carry

76. A. suffering B. depression C. hope D. opportunity

77. A. lonely B. alone C. sole D. single

78. A. sun B. light C. ray D. sunshine

79. A. remind B. remember C. reply D. review

80. A. regards B. uses C. serves D. plays

81. A. even B. so C. and D. if

82. A. strength B. weakness C. potential D. realization

83. A. set B. coin C. form D. discard

84. A. favorite B. influential C. intelligent D. outstanding

85. A. with B. through C. in D. into

86. A. sound B. strong C. good D. weak

87. A. opposition B. contrast C. comparison D. contrary

88. A. shorts B. vices C. guilt D. spots

89. A. even B. no C. any D. much

90. A. admit B. deny C. accept D. exchange

Section B (15%)

Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below. Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on ANSWER SHEET (2).

People should know that many little things can be done in an attempt to conserve energy in the home. Slight changes in day-to-day tasks can make a big 1 in conserving energy around the home. The most common method for conserving energy is to 2 appliances off when not in use. Many appliances have lights that 3 bum power if left plugged in with power to the socket. Mobile phone chargers are by many people believed to use no power when a phone isn’t attached, yet this is 4 . Even if your phone is not being charged the charger is still 5 electricity whilst plugged in .

When conserving energy, we can also look to the 6 we heat our homes. Many people can conserve, energy by turning down their thermostat by just 1 degree. Another energy conservation process that starts at home is to 7 paper, bottles and cans. With fewer waste, we help 8 the burden on landfill sites and incinerators (垃圾焚化炉)which not only use a lot of energy but are also very 9 to the environment. Home 10 can also help to conserve energy. Are your windows single glazed? If they are, consider more modem double or ever tripe glazed windows. By 11 your windows, you can save significant levels of energy. When you think about changing your car, why not 12 a hybrid car? This can help to save energy as a hybrid engine will greatly reduce the 13 of fuel your car required over a period of time. If you own a 4 x4 vehicle, why not consider trading it in for a more 14 vehicle. The only reason you should need a 4 x4 vehicle is if you live in a rough terrain or snowy areas. When you need to buy your next car, be sure to check the miles per gallon to see how 15 your car will be, this not only helps the environment but is saves you money on fuel too.

Part IV Writing (25%)

Directions: For this part，you are allowed 45 minutes to write a short essay of about 300 words on the topic below. Give a title to your essay, and write the essay on the ANSWER SHEET (2) only. Some people believe that success in life results from taking risks or chances. Others believe that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what qualities make a successful person? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

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