2022年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试时间安排在12月25日下午，考试时长为3个小时。考后大家最为关心的就是本次的考试真题及考后答案，小编在考后为大家及时跟进考研英语二真题，请大家先收藏好此页面。以下是2022年考研英语二阅读理解试题及答案。

Text 1

"Reskilling"is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we pl to have a future inwhich a lot of would- be worke do not get left behind.We know we are moving i a period where thejobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.ResearchbytheWorld Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percentof the " core skill within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline.

The question of who should pay for reskilling is athorny one.For individual companies,the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not alway happen.AT&Tis often given as the gold standar of a company that decided to do massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create thel own plans.When the skills mismatchis in the broader economy, though, the focus usually turns to government to handle.Effortsin Canadaand elsewhere have been arguablylanguid at best,arhave given us a situation where we frequently heThequestion of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,the temptation is alwaysto let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not alway happen.AT&Tis often given asthe gold standar of a company that decided to do massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire- and-hire strate gy.Other companies had also pledged to create thel ownplans.When the skills mismatchis in the broader economy, though, the focus usually turns to

government to handle. Effortsin Canada and elsewhere have been arguablylanguid at best,ar have given us a .situation where we frequently hear.of employers begging for workers,even at times and in regions whereunemployment is high.

With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeedln February,at 3 ,5United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As ofMay,those rates had spi upto13.3per cent and 13.7 per cent,and although many

worker shortages had disappeared, not all had doneso.In the medical fheld, to take an obvious example,thepandemic meant that there were still clear shortagesofdoctors,nurses and other medical personnel.ofemployers begging for workers,even at times and inregions where unemployment is high.

With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeedIn February,at 3.5United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As ofMay,those rates had spi upto13.3per cent and 13.7 per cent,and althoug manyworker shortages had disappeared, not all had doneso.In the medical fheld, to take an obvious example,thepandemic meant that there were still clear shortagesofdoctors,nurses and other medical personnel.

Of course,it is not like you can take an unemployedwaiter and train him to be a doct in а few weeks. Buteven if you cannot close that gap, may be you can close

even if you cannot close that gap, may be you can closeothers, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned.That seems to be the case in Sweden: Whenforced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff,Scandinavian Airlines decided to start upa shortretraining program that reskilled the laid-off work ers tosupport hospital staff.The effort was a collec tive oneand involved other companies as wellas a Swedishuniversity.

21、The climate-friendly eggs are producted

A.at a considerably low cost

B.at the demand of regular shoppers

C.as a replacement for organic eggs

D.on specially designed forms

答案：D

22、Lary Brown is ecited about his pogess in

A.reducing the damage of worms

B.accelerating the disposal of uest

C.creating a sustainable system

D.attracting customers to his products

答案：C

23、The example of organic eggs is used in the paragragh 4 to suggest

A.the doubts over natural feeds

B.the setbacks in the eggs industry

C.the potential of regenerative products

D.the promotional success of super markets

答案：C

24、It can be learned from the last paragragh that young people

A.are reluctant to change their diet

B.are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs

C.are curious about new foods

D.are amazed at agruculoure advances

答案：B

25、John Brungvell would disagree with Julie Stanton ever regenerative products

A.markets prospects

B.nutritional value

C.market prospect

D.moral implications

答案：A

Text 2

More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.

One in three Americans who are at least 40 have, or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of"unretirees"-those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring-said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.

Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the "unretirement" trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal flillment such as staying mentally fit,preventing boredom or avoiding depression." The concept of retirement is evolving, ' said Christine

Russell,senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade." It's not just about finances.

The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement."One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the US workforce. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February 2019, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985 according to money manager United Income Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD.

Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees" are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts. Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years， Salo Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that pre-retirees should speak with a financial advisor to set long term financial goals.

"The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring' Weiss said."It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire.'

26、The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that

A.over half of the retirees are physally fit for work

B.the old workforce is as active as the younger one

C.one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement

D.more Americans are willing to work in retirement

答案：D

27、It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that

A.retirement may cause problems for them

B.boredom can be relieved after retirement

C.the mental health of retirees is overlooked

D."unretirement " contributes to the economy

答案：A

28、Retirement pattems are changing partly due to

A. labor shortages

B. population growth

C . longer life expectancy

D. rising living costs

答案：C

29、Many retires are inreasing ir swines by

A.investing more in stocks

B.investing more in stocks

C.taking up odd jobs

D.spending less

答案：D

30、With regard to retirement，Brent Weiss thinks that many people are

A.unprepared

B.Unafraid

C.disappointed

D.enthusiastic

答案：A

Text 3

We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership oribscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancelSomething that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionallyor unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice, hese are examp-k patternsFirst

coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, dark patterns"is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence thedecision-making ability of users. Brignull identifhes 12 types of common darkatterns, ranging from

misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, " where alser experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when theuser tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11, 000 websites, researchersfound that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widelyprevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business andnonproft leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areasthey engenderWhere is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns ?Businesses should engage In conversations with Il, compliance, risk, and legalteams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion thecustomer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's userinterface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups,checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a roleln creating or avoiding' 'digital deceptionL awmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguityaround dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the Californiaamountnced the approval of additional conversations with II, compliance, risk, and legalteams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion thecustomer/ user

experience designers and coders responsible for the company's userinterface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsibl for sign-ups,checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a roleln creating or avoiding" digital deceptionL _awmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguityaround dark patterns, most recently at the state level.

In March, the Californiaamountnced the approval of additional regulations under thnen seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. " Theregulations aim to ban dark pattems -this means prohibiting companies fromusing' 'confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to clickthrough multiple screens or listen to

reasons why they shouldnt opt outAs more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a needfor greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns alsobe addressed on a self-regulatory basis, butsonly if

organizations holdthemselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry bestpractices and standard

31. It.an be leamed fom he frst two paragraphs that dark pttrens

A. improve user experiences

B. leak user ifnriation for profit

C. undermine users' decision-making

D. remind users of hidden costs

答案：C

32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show

A.their major flaws

B. their complex designs

C.their severe damage

D.their strong presence

答案：D

33.To handle digital deception,businesses should --------

A.listen to customer feedback

B.talk with relevant terms

C.turn to independent agencies

D.rely on professional training

答案：B

34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intened to ----

A.guide users through opt-out processes

B.protect consumers from being tricked

C.grant companies data privacy rights

D.restrict access to problematic content

答案：B

35.According to the last paragraph ，a key to coping with dark patterns is -----

A.new legal requirements

B.businesses' self-discipine

C.strict regulatory standars

D.consumers' safety awareness

答案：B

Text 4

Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

The researchers investigated one class session' s impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester - nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.

Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on arrange of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent - and this effect held steady for the study' s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.

"That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty . small intervention,"Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go."

Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence - classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role .Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants' eating habits and students video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel - who had predicted no effect - will be eating his words.

36、Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are—

A.hard to determine

B.narrowly interpreted

C.difficult to ignore

D.poorly summarized

答案：A

37、Which of the fllowing is a reason for the researchers to study meat- eating?

A.It is common among students.

B.It is a behavior easy to measure

C.It is important to students' health

D.It is a hot topic in ethics classes

答案：B

38、Eric Schwitzgebel's previous findings suggest that ethics professors

A.are seldom critical of their students

B.are less sociable than other professors

C.are not sensitive to political ssues

D.are not necessarily ethically better

答案：D

39、Nina strohminger tinks that the effect of the intervention is

A.permanent

B.predictable

C.uncertain

D.uncertain

答案：C

40、Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students change in behaviour

A.can bring psychological benefits

B.can be analyzed statistically

C.can be analyzed statistically

D.is a sign of self-development

答案：C