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1、“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2% years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. 1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's attitude toward the AAAS's report?2.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to( ).3.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests ( ). 4.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are ( ). 5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
问题1
A、Critical.
B、Appreciative.
C、Contemptuous.
D、Tolerant.
问题2
A、safeguard individuals' rights to education
B、define the government's role in education
C、retain people's interest in liberal education
D、keep a leading position in liberal education
问题3
A、an exclusive study of American history
B、a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects
C、the application of emerging technologies
D、funding for the study of foreign languages
问题4
A、supportive of free markets
B、biased against classical liberal ideas
C、cautious about intellectual investigation
D、conservative about public policy
问题5
A、Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”.
B、The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education.
C、Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”.
D、Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education.
2、Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is(1)a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has (2). The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted (3) 1,932 unique subjects which (4) pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both (5). While 1% may seem (6), it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even (7) their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who (8) our kin.” The team also developed a "friendship score" which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.The study (9) found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now, (10), as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more (11) it. There could be many mechanisms working together that (12) us in choosing genetically similar friends (13) “functional kinship” of being friends with (14)! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolving (15) than other genes. Studying this could help (16) why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major (17) factor. The findings do not simply explain people's (18) to befriend those of similar (19) backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to (20) that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
问题1
A、what
B、why
C、how
D、when
问题2
A、defended
B、concluded
C、withdrawn
D、advised
问题3
A、for
B、with
C、by
D、on
问题4
A、separated
B、sought
C、compared
D、connected
问题5
A、tests
B、objects
C、samples
D、examples
问题6
A、insignificant
B、unexpected
C、unreliable
D、incredible
问题7
A、visit
B、miss
C、know
D、seek
问题8
A、surpass
B、influence
C、favor
D、resemble
问题9
A、again
B、also
C、instead
D、thus
问题10
A、Meanwhile
B、Furthermore
C、Likewise
D、Perhaps
问题11
A、about
B、to
C、from
D、like
问题12
A、limit
B、observe
C、confuse
D、drive
问题13
A、according to
B、rather than
C、regardless of
D、along with
问题14
A、chances
B、responses
C、benefits
D、missions
问题15
A、faster
B、slower
C、later
D、earlier
问题16
A、forecast
B、remember
C、express
D、understand
问题17
A、unpredictable
B、contributory
C、controllable
D、disruptive
问题18
A、tendency
B、decision
C、arrangement
D、endeavor
问题19
A、political
B、religious
C、ethnic
D、economic
问题20
A、see
B、show
C、prove
D、tell
3、In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,(1)those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can(2) a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)the marriage negotiations, or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4), a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying(6)a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8) prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and (10)a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11). Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may(12)with them up to a year,(13)they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to (14), but not common. Divorced persons are (15)with some disapproval. Each spouse retains(16)property he or she(17)into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is(18)equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)up: The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry(20)the woman must wait ten months.
问题1
A、by way of
B、as well as
C、on behalf of
D、with regard to
问题2
A、adapt to
B、provide for
C、compete with
D、decide on
问题3
A、close
B、renew
C、arrange
D、postpone
问题4
A、In theory
B、Above all
C、In time
D、For example
问题5
A、Although
B、Lest
C、After
D、Unless
问题6
A、into
B、within
C、from
D、through
问题7
A、since
B、or
C、but
D、so
问题8
A、test
B、copy
C、recite
D、create
问题9
A、folding
B、piling
C、wrapping
D、tying
问题10
A、lighting
B、passing
C、hiding
D、serving
问题11
A、meeting
B、association
C、collection
D、union
问题12
A、grow
B、part
C、deal
D、live
问题13
A、whereas
B、until
C、for
D、if
问题14
A、obtain
B、follow
C、challenge
D、avoid
问题15
A、isolated
B、persuaded
C、viewed
D、exposed
问题16
A、wherever
B、however
C、whenever
D、whatever
问题17
A、changed
B、brought
C、shaped
D、pushed
问题18
A、divided
B、invested
C、donated
D、withdrawn
问题19
A、clears
B、warms
C、shows
D、breaks
问题20
A、while
B、so that
C、once
D、in that
4、“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist,“ That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.’’ But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial lab our-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.1.The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with( ).2.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by ( ). 3.The expression “more lenient”(Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ( ). 4.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record ( ). 5.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?
问题1
A、uncertainty
B、skepticism
C、approval
D、tolerance
问题2
A、guarding it against malpractices
B、protecting it from being defamed
C、winning trust from consumers
D、raising the quality of its products
问题3
A、less controversial
B、more lasting
C、more effective
D、less severe
问题4
A、comes across as reliable evidence
B、has an impact on their decision
C、increases the chance of being penalized
D、constitutes part of the investigation
问题5
A、The necessary amount of companies' spending on it is unknown.
B、Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated.
C、Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.
D、It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.
5、Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”(1)helping you feel close and(2)to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a (3)of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you (4)getting sick this winter.In a recent study (5 )over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs(6)the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being(7)to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come(8)with a cold, and the researchers(9)that the stress-reducing effects of hugging (10)about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. (11)among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe(12).“ Hugging protects people who are under stress from the(13)risk for colds that' s usually(14)with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps(15)the feeling that others are there to help(16)difficulty. ”Some experts(17)the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” (18)it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it (19)in the brain, where it (20)mood, behavior and physiology.
问题1
A、Unlike
B、Besides
C、Throughout
D、Despite
问题2
A、equal
B、restricted
C、connected
D、inferior
问题3
A、host
B、view
C、lesson
D、choice
问题4
A、recall
B、forget
C、avoid
D、keep
问题5
A、collecting
B、affecting
C、guiding
D、involving
问题6
A、on
B、in
C、at
D、of
问题7
A、devoted
B、exposed
C、lost
D、attracted
问题8
A、along
B、across
C、down
D、out
问题9
A、imagined
B、denied
C、doubted
D、calculated
问题10
A、served
B、explained
C、restored
D、required
问题11
A、Thus
B、Still
C、Rather
D、Even
问题12
A、defeats
B、symptoms
C、errors
D、tests
问题13
A、highlighted
B、minimized
C、controlled
D、increased
问题14
A、associated
B、equipped
C、presented
D、compared
问题15
A、assess
B、moderate
C、generate
D、record
问题16
A、in the face of
B、in the form of
C、in the name of
D、in the way of
问题17
A、attribute
B、commit
C、transfer
D、return
问题18
A、unless
B、because
C、though
D、until
问题19
A、vanishes
B、emerges
C、remains
D、decreases
问题20
A、experiences
B、combines
C、justifies
D、influences
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