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1、As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember(1)we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain(2), we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.”(3)seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)(4)impact on our professional, social, and personal(5).Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It (6)out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental (7)can significantly improve our basic cognitive(8). Thinking is essentially a (9) of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to (10) in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. (11), because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate (12) mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step (13) and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental (14).The Web-based program (15) you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps (16) of your progress and provides detailed feedback (17) your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it (18) modifies and enhances the games you play to (19) on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) (20) exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
问题1
A、why
B、when
C、that
D、where
问题2
A、improves
B、fades
C、collapses
D、recovers
问题3
A、While
B、Unless
C、Once
D、If
问题4
A、uneven
B、limited
C、damaging
D、obscure
问题5
A、relationship
B、environment
C、wellbeing
D、outlook
问题6
A、turns
B、finds
C、points
D、figures
问题7
A、responses
B、roundabouts
C、workouts
D、associations
问题8
A、genre
B、criterion
C、circumstances
D、functions
问题9
A、channel
B、process
C、sequence
D、condition
问题10
A、excel
B、feature
C、persist
D、believe
问题11
A、However
B、Moreover
C、Otherwise
D、Therefore
问题12
A、instead of
B、regardless of
C、apart from
D、according to
问题13
A、back
B、further
C、aside
D、around
问题14
A、framework
B、stability
C、sharpness
D、flexibility
问题15
A、hurries
B、reminds
C、forces
D、allows
问题16
A、order
B、track
C、hold
D、pace
问题17
A、to
B、on
C、for
D、with
问题18
A、constantly
B、habitually
C、irregularly
D、unusually
问题19
A、carry
B、put
C、build
D、take
问题20
A、risky
B、familiar
C、idle
D、effective
2、The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What's not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers, money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.1.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as( ).2.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit ( ). 3.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves ( ). 4.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?5.The author believes that the new awards are( ).
问题1
A、a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth
B、a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes
C、a handsome reward for researchers
D、an example of bankers, investments
问题2
A、the profit-oriented scientists
B、the founders of the awards
C、the achievement-based system
D、peer-review-led research
问题3
A、the joint effort of modern researchers
B、controversies over the recipients' status
C、the demonstration of research findings
D、legitimate concerns over the new prizes
问题4
A、History has never cast doubt on them.
B、They are the most representative honor.
C、Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.
D、Their endurance has done justice to them.
问题5
A、harmful to the culture of research
B、acceptable despite the criticism
C、subject to undesirable changes
D、unworthy of public attention
3、Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is(1)a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has (2). The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted (3) 1,932 unique subjects which (4) pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both (5). While 1% may seem (6), it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even (7) their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who (8) our kin.” The team also developed a "friendship score" which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.The study (9) found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now, (10), as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more (11) it. There could be many mechanisms working together that (12) us in choosing genetically similar friends (13) “functional kinship” of being friends with (14)! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolving (15) than other genes. Studying this could help (16) why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major (17) factor. The findings do not simply explain people's (18) to befriend those of similar (19) backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to (20) that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
问题1
A、what
B、why
C、how
D、when
问题2
A、defended
B、concluded
C、withdrawn
D、advised
问题3
A、for
B、with
C、by
D、on
问题4
A、separated
B、sought
C、compared
D、connected
问题5
A、tests
B、objects
C、samples
D、examples
问题6
A、insignificant
B、unexpected
C、unreliable
D、incredible
问题7
A、visit
B、miss
C、know
D、seek
问题8
A、surpass
B、influence
C、favor
D、resemble
问题9
A、again
B、also
C、instead
D、thus
问题10
A、Meanwhile
B、Furthermore
C、Likewise
D、Perhaps
问题11
A、about
B、to
C、from
D、like
问题12
A、limit
B、observe
C、confuse
D、drive
问题13
A、according to
B、rather than
C、regardless of
D、along with
问题14
A、chances
B、responses
C、benefits
D、missions
问题15
A、faster
B、slower
C、later
D、earlier
问题16
A、forecast
B、remember
C、express
D、understand
问题17
A、unpredictable
B、contributory
C、controllable
D、disruptive
问题18
A、tendency
B、decision
C、arrangement
D、endeavor
问题19
A、political
B、religious
C、ethnic
D、economic
问题20
A、see
B、show
C、prove
D、tell
4、Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution's prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn't ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom. But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now. 1.The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to( ).2.The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of ( ). 3.The author believes that exploring one's phone contents is comparable to ( ). 4.In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that ( ). 5.Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that( ).
问题1
A、search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant
B、check suspects' phone contents without being authorized
C、prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
D、prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones
问题2
A、tolerance
B、indifference
C、disapproval
D、cautiousness
问题3
A、getting into one's residence
B、handling one's historical records
C、scanning one's correspondences
D、going through one's wallet
问题4
A、principles are hard to be clearly expressed
B、the court is giving police less room for action
C、phones are used to store sensitive information
D、citizens, privacy is not effectively protected
问题5
A、the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
B、new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
C、California's argument violates principles of the Constitution
D、principles of the Constitution should never be altered
5、Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions.” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. But “it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit.’’Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers. 1.According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by( ).2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ( ). 3.The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence ( ). 4.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows ( ). 5.Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?
问题1
A、the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
B、companies' financial loss due to immoral practices
C、governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
D、the wide misuse of integrity among institutions
问题2
A、Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
B、phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
C、Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
D、more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
问题3
A、revealed a cunning personality
B、centered on trivial issues
C、was hardly convincing
D、was part of a conspiracy
问题4
A、generally distorted values
B、unfair wealth distribution
C、a marginalized lifestyle
D、a rigid moral code
问题5
A、The quality of writings is of primary importance.
B、Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.
C、Common humanity is central to news reporting.
D、Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.
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