考研201英语(一)在线题库每日一练(一十八)

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本文提供考研201英语(一)在线题库每日一练,以下为具体内容

1、As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember(1)we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain(2), we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.”(3)seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)(4)impact on our professional, social, and personal(5).Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It (6)out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental (7)can significantly improve our basic cognitive(8). Thinking is essentially a (9) of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to (10) in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. (11), because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate (12)  mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step (13) and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental (14).The Web-based program (15) you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps (16) of your progress and provides detailed feedback (17) your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it (18) modifies and enhances the games you play to (19) on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) (20)  exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 

问题1

A、why

B、when

C、that

D、where

问题2

A、improves

B、fades

C、collapses

D、recovers

问题3

A、While

B、Unless

C、Once

D、If

问题4

A、uneven

B、limited

C、damaging

D、obscure

问题5

A、relationship

B、environment

C、wellbeing

D、outlook

问题6

A、turns

B、finds

C、points

D、figures

问题7

A、responses

B、roundabouts

C、workouts

D、associations

问题8

A、genre

B、criterion

C、circumstances

D、functions

问题9

A、channel

B、process

C、sequence

D、condition

问题10

A、excel

B、feature

C、persist

D、believe

问题11

A、However

B、Moreover

C、Otherwise

D、Therefore

问题12

A、instead of

B、regardless of

C、apart from

D、according to

问题13

A、back

B、further

C、aside

D、around

问题14

A、framework

B、stability

C、sharpness

D、flexibility

问题15

A、hurries

B、reminds

C、forces

D、allows

问题16

A、order

B、track

C、hold

D、pace

问题17

A、to

B、on

C、for

D、with

问题18

A、constantly

B、habitually

C、irregularly

D、unusually

问题19

A、carry

B、put

C、build

D、take

问题20

A、risky

B、familiar

C、idle

D、effective

2、The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What's not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers, money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.1.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as(  ).2.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit (  ).  3.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves (  ).  4.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?5.The author believes that the new awards are(  ).

问题1

A、a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth

B、a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes

C、a handsome reward for researchers

D、an example of bankers, investments

问题2

A、the profit-oriented scientists

B、the founders of the awards

C、the achievement-based system

D、peer-review-led research

问题3

A、the joint effort of modern researchers

B、controversies over the recipients' status

C、the demonstration of research findings

D、legitimate concerns over the new prizes

问题4

A、History has never cast doubt on them.

B、They are the most representative honor.

C、Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.

D、Their endurance has done justice to them.

问题5

A、harmful to the culture of research

B、acceptable despite the criticism

C、subject to undesirable changes

D、unworthy of public attention

3、“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2% years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. 1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's attitude toward the AAAS's report?2.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to(  ).3.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests (  ).  4.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are (  ).  5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 

问题1

A、Critical.

B、Appreciative.

C、Contemptuous.

D、Tolerant.

问题2

A、safeguard individuals' rights to education

B、define the government's role in education

C、retain people's interest in liberal education

D、keep a leading position in liberal education

问题3

A、an exclusive study of American history

B、a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects

C、the application of emerging technologies

D、funding for the study of foreign languages

问题4

A、supportive of free markets

B、biased against classical liberal ideas

C、cautious about intellectual investigation

D、conservative about public policy

问题5

A、Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”.

B、The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education.

C、Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”.

D、Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education.

4、Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution's prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn't ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom. But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now. 1.The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to(  ).2.The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of (  ).  3.The author believes that exploring one's phone contents is comparable to (  ).  4.In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that (  ).  5.Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that(  ).

问题1

A、search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant

B、check suspects' phone contents without being authorized

C、prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents

D、prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones

问题2

A、tolerance

B、indifference

C、disapproval

D、cautiousness

问题3

A、getting into one's residence

B、handling one's historical records

C、scanning one's correspondences

D、going through one's wallet

问题4

A、principles are hard to be clearly expressed

B、the court is giving police less room for action

C、phones are used to store sensitive information

D、citizens, privacy is not effectively protected

问题5

A、the Constitution should be implemented flexibly

B、new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution

C、California's argument violates principles of the Constitution

D、principles of the Constitution should never be altered

5、The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings. “Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.” Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place.”1.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that(  ).2.The phrase “flagged up” (Paragraph 2) is the closest in meaning to (  ).  3.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may (  ).  4.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now (  ).  5.Which of the following is the best title of the text?                    

问题1

A、science intends to simplify its peer-review process

B、journals are strengthening their statistical checks

C、few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis

D、lack of data analysis is common in research projects

问题2

A、found

B、revised

C、marked

D、stored

问题3

A、pose a threat to all its peers

B、meet with strong opposition

C、increase Science's circulation

D、set an example for other journals

问题4

A、adds to researchers' workload

B、diminishes the role of reviewers

C、has room for further improvement

D、is to fail in the foreseeable future

问题5

A、Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.

B、Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect.

C、Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' Desks.

D、Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science.

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