考研201英语(一)在线题库每日一练(二十六)

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本文提供考研201英语(一)在线题库每日一练,以下为具体内容

1、On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.1.Three provisions of Arizona's plan were overturned because they(  ).2.On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts (  ).  4.The White House claims that its power of enforcement (  ).  5.What can be learned from the last paragraph?

问题1

A、deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers

B、disturbed the power balance between different states

C、overstepped the authority of federal immigration law

D、contradicted both the federal and state policies

问题2

A、Federal officers' duty to withhold immigrants' information.

B、States' independence from federal immigration law.

C、States' legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

D、Congress's intervention in immigration enforcement.

问题3

A、violated the Constitution

B、undermined the states' interests

C、supported the federal statute

D、stood in favor of the states

问题4

A、outweighs that held by the states 

B、is dependent on the states' support

C、is established by federal statutes 

D、rarely goes against state laws

问题5

A、Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. 

B、Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.

C、Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

D、The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

2、As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember(1)we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain(2), we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.”(3)seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)(4)impact on our professional, social, and personal(5).Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It (6)out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental (7)can significantly improve our basic cognitive(8). Thinking is essentially a (9) of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to (10) in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. (11), because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate (12)  mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step (13) and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental (14).The Web-based program (15) you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps (16) of your progress and provides detailed feedback (17) your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it (18) modifies and enhances the games you play to (19) on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) (20)  exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 

问题1

A、why

B、when

C、that

D、where

问题2

A、improves

B、fades

C、collapses

D、recovers

问题3

A、While

B、Unless

C、Once

D、If

问题4

A、uneven

B、limited

C、damaging

D、obscure

问题5

A、relationship

B、environment

C、wellbeing

D、outlook

问题6

A、turns

B、finds

C、points

D、figures

问题7

A、responses

B、roundabouts

C、workouts

D、associations

问题8

A、genre

B、criterion

C、circumstances

D、functions

问题9

A、channel

B、process

C、sequence

D、condition

问题10

A、excel

B、feature

C、persist

D、believe

问题11

A、However

B、Moreover

C、Otherwise

D、Therefore

问题12

A、instead of

B、regardless of

C、apart from

D、according to

问题13

A、back

B、further

C、aside

D、around

问题14

A、framework

B、stability

C、sharpness

D、flexibility

问题15

A、hurries

B、reminds

C、forces

D、allows

问题16

A、order

B、track

C、hold

D、pace

问题17

A、to

B、on

C、for

D、with

问题18

A、constantly

B、habitually

C、irregularly

D、unusually

问题19

A、carry

B、put

C、build

D、take

问题20

A、risky

B、familiar

C、idle

D、effective

3、The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings. “Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.” Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place.”1.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that(  ).2.The phrase “flagged up” (Paragraph 2) is the closest in meaning to (  ).  3.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may (  ).  4.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now (  ).  5.Which of the following is the best title of the text?                    

问题1

A、science intends to simplify its peer-review process

B、journals are strengthening their statistical checks

C、few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis

D、lack of data analysis is common in research projects

问题2

A、found

B、revised

C、marked

D、stored

问题3

A、pose a threat to all its peers

B、meet with strong opposition

C、increase Science's circulation

D、set an example for other journals

问题4

A、adds to researchers' workload

B、diminishes the role of reviewers

C、has room for further improvement

D、is to fail in the foreseeable future

问题5

A、Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.

B、Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect.

C、Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' Desks.

D、Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science.

4、In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,(1)those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can(2)  a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)the marriage negotiations, or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4), a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying(6)a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)  prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and (10)a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11). Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may(12)with them up to a year,(13)they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to (14), but not common. Divorced persons are (15)with some disapproval. Each spouse retains(16)property he or she(17)into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is(18)equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)up: The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry(20)the woman must wait ten months.

问题1

A、by way of

B、as well as

C、on behalf of

D、with regard to

问题2

A、adapt to

B、provide for

C、compete with

D、decide on

问题3

A、close

B、renew

C、arrange

D、postpone

问题4

A、In theory

B、Above all

C、In time

D、For example

问题5

A、Although

B、Lest

C、After

D、Unless

问题6

A、into

B、within

C、from

D、through

问题7

A、since

B、or

C、but

D、so

问题8

A、test

B、copy

C、recite

D、create

问题9

A、folding

B、piling

C、wrapping

D、tying

问题10

A、lighting

B、passing

C、hiding

D、serving

问题11

A、meeting

B、association

C、collection

D、union

问题12

A、grow

B、part

C、deal

D、live

问题13

A、whereas

B、until

C、for

D、if

问题14

A、obtain

B、follow

C、challenge

D、avoid

问题15

A、isolated

B、persuaded

C、viewed

D、exposed

问题16

A、wherever

B、however

C、whenever

D、whatever

问题17

A、changed

B、brought

C、shaped

D、pushed

问题18

A、divided

B、invested

C、donated

D、withdrawn

问题19

A、clears

B、warms

C、shows

D、breaks

问题20

A、while

B、so that

C、once

D、in that

5、France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.        Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.        The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.        The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.        The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.        In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.        Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 1.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?2.The phrase “impinging on” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to(  ).3.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?4.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for(  ).  5.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

问题1

A、Physical beauty would be redefined.

B、New runways would be constructed.

C、Websites about dieting would thrive.

D、The fashion industry would decline.

问题2

A、indicating the state of

B、heightening the value of

C、losing faith in

D、doing harm to

问题3

A、The French measures have already failed.

B、New standards are being set in Denmark.

C、Models are no longer under peer pressure.

D、Its inherent problems are getting worse.

问题4

A、pursuing perfect physical conditions

B、caring too much about models' character

C、showing little concern for health factors

D、setting a high age threshold for models

问题5

A、A Challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals.

B、A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.

C、Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.

D、The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.

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