考研201英语(一)在线题库每日一练(一百二十二)

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本文提供考研201英语(一)在线题库每日一练,以下为具体内容

1、Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.1.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that(  ).2.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by (  ).  3.Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?4.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?5.What would be the best title for the text?

问题1

A、arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers

B、English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews

C、high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers

D、young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies

问题2

A、free themes

B、casual style

C、elaborate layout

D、radical viewpoints

问题3

A、It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.

B、It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.

C、Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.

D、Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.

问题4

A、His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.

B、His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.

C、His style caters largely to modern specialists.

D、His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.

问题5

A、Newspapers of the Good Old Days

B、The Lost Horizon in Newspapers

C、Mournful Decline of Journalism

D、Prominent Critics in Memory

2、People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that (1) the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by (2) factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big (3) was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. (4), he theorised that a judge (5) of appearing too soft (6) crime might be more likely to send someone to prison (7) he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To (8) this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the (9) of an applicant should not depend on the few others (10) randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was (11).He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews (12) by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had (13) applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale (14) numerous factors into consideration. The scores were (15) used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is (16) out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsonh found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one (17) that, then the score for the next applicant would (18) by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to (19) the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been (20).

问题1

A、grants

B、submits

C、transmits

D、delivers

问题2

A、minor

B、objective

C、crucial

D、external

问题3

A、issue

B、vision

C、picture

D、moment

问题4

A、For example

B、On average

C、In principle

D、Above all

问题5

A、fond

B、fearful

C、capable

D、thoughtless

问题6

A、in

B、on

C、to

D、for

问题7

A、if

B、until

C、though

D、unless

问题8

A、promote

B、emphasize

C、share

D、test

问题9

A、decision

B、quality

C、status

D、success

问题10

A、chosen

B、studied

C、found

D、identified

问题11

A、exceptional

B、defensible

C、replaceable

D、otherwise

问题12

A、inspired

B、expressed

C、conducted

D、secured

问题13

A、assigned

B、rated

C、matched

D、arranged

问题14

A、put

B、got

C、gave

D、took

问题15

A、instead

B、then

C、ever

D、rather

问题16

A、selected

B、passed

C、marked

D、introduced

问题17

A、before

B、after

C、above

D、below

问题18

A、jump

B、float

C、drop

D、fluctuate

问题19

A、achieve

B、undo

C、maintain

D、disregard

问题20

A、promising

B、possible

C、necessary

D、helpful

3、In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world's answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan's The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste. Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can't be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.1.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her(  ).2.According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to (  ).  3.The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to (  ).  4.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? 5.What is the subject of the text?

问题1

A、poor bargaining skill

B、insensitivity to fashion

C、obsession with high fashion

D、lack of imagination

问题2

A、combat unnecessary waste

B、shut out the feverish fashion world

C、resist the influence of advertisements

D、shop for their garments more frequently  

问题3

A、accusation  

B、enthusiasm  

C、indifference  

D、tolerance  

问题4

A、Vanity has more often been found in idealists.  

B、The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.  

C、People are more interested in unaffordable garments.  

D、Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.  

问题5

A、Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.  

B、Challenge to a high-fashion myth.  

C、Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.  

D、Exposure of a mass-market secret.

4、An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They'll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?1.It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to(  ).2.“The industry” (Line 4, Para.3) refers to (  ).  3.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default(  ).4.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?5.The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of(  ).

问题1

A、ease competition among themselves

B、lower their operational costs

C、avoid complaints from consumers

D、provide better online services

问题2

A、online advertisers

B、e-commerce conductors

C、digital information analysis

D、internet browser developers

问题3

A、may cut the number of junk ads

B、fails to affect the ad industry

C、will not benefit consumers

D、goes against human nature

问题4

A、DNT may not serve its intended purpose.

B、Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.

C、DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.

D、Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.

问题5

A、indulgence

B、understanding

C、appreciation

D、skepticism

5、In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osbomeland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker's allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at $71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 1.George Osborne's scheme was intended to(  ).2.The phrase “to sign on”(Paragraph 2) most probably means (  ).  3.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?4.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel (  ).  5.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?

问题1

A、motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily

B、provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits

C、encourage jobseekers, active engagement in job seeking

D、guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits

问题2

A、to register for an allowance from the government

B、to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance

C、to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre

D、to attend a governmental job-training program

问题3

A、A desire to secure a better life for all.

B、An eagerness to protect the unemployed.

C、An urge to be generous to the claimants.

D、A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

问题4

A、insulted

B、uneasy

C、enraged

D、guilty

问题5

A、Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.

B、The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness.

C、The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs.

D、Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.

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