考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练（三百七十五）

本文提供考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练，以下为具体内容

1、Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. _1_ of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones _2_ on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. _3_ you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you _4_ can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate _5_ to civilization, one of which is to follow the land. When you find yourself well _6_ a trail, but not in a completely _7_ area, you have to answer two questions: Which _8_ is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. _9_, if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should _10_ see signs of people. If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be _11_ how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another _12_: Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. _13_, even in dense forest, you should be able to _14_ gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve _15_ the woods. Head toward these _16_ to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for _17_ light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. _18_, assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the _19_ we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can _20_ you to civilization.

问题1

A、 Few

B、 More

C、 Some

D、 All

问题2

A、 put

B、 take

C、 run

D、 come

问题3

A、 Since

B、 Until

C、 Though

D、 If

问题4

A、 formally

B、 literally

C、 gradually

D、 relatively

问题5

A、 around

B、 away

C、 back

D、 next

问题6

A、 onto

B、 along

C、 across

D、 off

问题7

A、 unattractive

B、 unfamiliar

C、 unchanged

D、 uncrowded

问题8

A、 way

B、 point

C、 site

D、 place

问题9

A、 Instead

B、 Yet

C、 So

D、 Besides

问题10

A、 immediately

B、 eventually

C、 unexpectedly

D、 intentionally

问题11

A、 frightened

B、 annoyed

C、 surprised

D、 confused

问题12

A、 problem

B、 result

C、 view

D、 option

问题13

A、 Above all

B、 For example

C、 On average

D、 In contrast

问题14

A、 spot

B、 avoid

C、 bridge

D、 separate

问题15

A、 from

B、 under

C、 beyond

D、 through

问题16

A、 posts

B、 breaks

C、 shades

D、 links

问题17

A、 hidden

B、 mysterious

C、 artificial

D、 limited

问题18

A、 Finally

B、 Consequently

C、 Incidentally

D、 Generally

问题19

A、 memories

B、 belongings

C、 notes

D、 marks

问题20

A、 lead

B、 adapt

C、 restrict

D、 expose

2、Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.1.Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because（  ）.2. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have（  ）.3.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?4.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms（  ）.5.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?

问题1

A、its funding has enjoyed a steady increase

B、its marketing strategy has been successful

C、its payment for peer review is reduced

D、its content acquisition costs nothing

问题2

A、thrived mainly on university libraries

B、gone through an existential crisis

C、revived the publishing industry

D、financed researchers generously

问题3

A、Relieved.

B、Puzzled.

C、Concerned.

D、Encouraged.

问题4

A、allow publishers some room to make money

B、render publishing much easier for scientists

C、reduce the cost of publication substantially

D、free universities from financial burdens

问题5

A、Trial subscription is offered.

B、Labour triumphs over status.

C、Costs are well controlled.

D、The few feed on the many.

3、capable 

A、 adj. 有能力的；有才干的；容许……的；可以做（某事）的；综合性的；有资格的

B、 n. 姑母；姨母；伯母；婶母；舅母；阿姨

C、 adj. 听觉的；听的

D、 adj. 真正的，真品的，真迹的；真实的，真正的；逼真的

4、People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that      1      the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by       2        factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big       3        was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.       4        , he theorised that a judge       5        of appearing too soft       6        crime might be more likely to send someone to prison       7        he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.    To       8        this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the       9        of an applicant should not depend on the few others       10        randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was       11        .    He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews       12        by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had       13        applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale       14        numerous factors into consideration. The scores were       15        used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is       16        out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.    Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one       17        that, then the score for the next applicant would       18        by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to       19        the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been       20        .

问题1

A、grants

B、submits

C、transmits

D、delivers

问题2

A、minor

B、objective

C、crucial

D、external

问题3

A、issue

B、vision

C、picture

D、moment

问题4

A、Above all

B、For example

C、In principle

D、On average

问题5

A、fond

B、fearful

C、capable

D、thoughtless

问题6

A、in

B、for

C、to

D、on

问题7

A、if

B、until

C、though

D、unless

问题8

A、test

B、share

C、emphasize

D、promote

问题9

A、status

B、quality

C、decision

D、success

问题10

A、found

B、studied

C、chosen

D、identified

问题11

A、defensible

B、otherwise

C、replaceable

D、exceptional

问题12

A、inspired

B、expressed

C、secure

D、conducted

问题13

A、rated

B、assigned

C、matched

D、arranged

问题14

A、put

B、got

C、took

D、gave

问题15

A、instead

B、rather

C、ever

D、then

问题16

A、selected

B、passed

C、marked

D、introduced

问题17

A、below

B、before

C、above

D、after

问题18

A、jump

B、float

C、drop

D、fluctuate

问题19

A、undo

B、achieve

C、maintain

D、disregard

问题20

A、possible

B、necessary

C、promising

D、helpful

5、The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot      1      its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law       2        justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that       3        the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.    Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be       4        as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not       5        by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself       6        to the code of conduct that       7        to the rest of the federal judiciary.    This and other similar cases       8        the question of whether there is still a       9        between the court and politics.    The framers of the Constitution envisioned law       10        having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions       11        they would be free to       12        those in power and have no need to       13        political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely       14        .    Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social       15        like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it       16       is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily       17        as unjust.    The justices must       18        doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves       19        to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,       20        , convincing as law.

问题1

A、emphasize

B、maintain

C、modify

D、recognize

问题2

A、when

B、lest

C、before

D、unless

问题3

A、restored

B、weakened

C、established

D、eliminated

问题4

A、challenged

B、compromised

C、suspected

D、accepted

问题5

A、advanced

B、caught

C、bound

D、founded

问题6

A、resistant

B、subject

C、immune

D、prone

问题7

A、resorts

B、sticks

C、loads

D、applies

问题8

A、evade

B、raise

C、deny

D、settle

问题9

A、line

B、barrier

C、similarity

D、conflict

问题10

A、by

B、as

C、though

D、towards

问题11

A、so

B、since

C、provided

D、though

问题12

A、serve

B、satisfy

C、upset

D、replace

问题13

A、confirm

B、express

C、cultivate

D、offer

问题14

A、guarded

B、followed

C、studied

D、tied

问题15

A、concepts

B、theories

C、divisions

D、conceptions

问题16

A、excludes

B、questions

C、shapes

D、controls

问题17

A、dismissed

B、released

C、ranked

D、distorted

问题18

A、suppress

B、exploit

C、address

D、ignore

问题19

A、accessible

B、amiable

C、agreeable

D、accountable

问题20

A、by all means

B、at all costs

C、in a word

D、as a result