考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练（三百九十八）

本文提供考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练，以下为具体内容

1、Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.

1.Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because（  ）.2. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have（  ）.3.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?4.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms（  ）.5.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?

问题1

A、its funding has enjoyed a steady increase

B、its marketing strategy has been successful

C、its payment for peer review is reduced

D、its content acquisition costs nothing

问题2

A、thrived mainly on university libraries

B、gone through an existential crisis

C、revived the publishing industry

D、financed researchers generously

问题3

A、Relieved.

B、Puzzled.

C、Concerned.

D、Encouraged.

问题4

A、allow publishers some room to make money

B、render publishing much easier for scientists

C、reduce the cost of publication substantially

D、free universities from financial burdens

问题5

A、Trial subscription is offered.

B、Labour triumphs over status.

C、Costs are well controlled.

D、The few feed on the many.

2、bound 

A、 n. 出身背景，学历，经历；背景；不显眼的位置，幕后；底色，底花，底子

B、 n. 答复，回答；答案

C、 adj. 一定会，很可能会；受约束（必须做某事），有义务；因…受阻；正旅行去，准备前往；v. 跳跃着跑；形成…的边界；n. 蹦跳；跳跃

D、 n. 蚂蚁

3、①Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. ②It  1     in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then   2     starts to slowly decline as we age. ③But    3          aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be. ①One study found that muscle loss and the   4     of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. ②This suggests the  5     that lifestyle factors might help prevent or   6    this type of decline. ①The researchers looked at data that  7       measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and   8   that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. ②They found that middle-aged people   9  higher measures of abdominal fat   10      worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the  years       11    . ①For women, the association may be    12  to changes in immunity that resulted from     excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be  13   . ②It is hoped that  future studies could    14     these differences and perhaps lead to different     15     for men and women. ①    16   , there are steps you can  17  to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental    18    . ②The two    highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your   19      of      aerobic  exercise  and  following  a  Mediterranean-style  20   that  is  high  in  fiber  and eliminates highly processed foods.

问题1

A、pauses

B、returns

C、peaks

D、fades

问题2

A、alternatively

B、formally

C、accidentally

D、generally

问题3

A、while

B、since

C、once

D、until

问题4

A、detection

B、accumulation

C、consumption

D、separation

问题5

A、possibility

B、decision

C、goal

D、requirement

问题6

A、delay

B、ensure

C、seek

D、utilize

问题7

A、modified

B、supported

C、included

D、predicted

问题8

A、devoted

B、compared

C、converted

D、applied

问题9

A、with

B、above

C、by

D、against

问题10

A、lived

B、managed

C、scored

D、played

问题11

A、ran out

B、set off

C、drew in

D、went by

问题12

A、superior

B、attributable

C、parallel

D、resistant

问题13

A、restored

B、isolated

C、involved

D、controlled

问题14

A、alter

B、spread

C、remove

D、explain

问题15

A、compensations

B、symptoms

C、demands

D、treatments

问题16

A、Likewise

B、Meanwhile

C、Therefore

D、Instead

问题17

A、change

B、watch

C、count

D、take

问题18

A、well-being

B、process

C、formation

D、coordination

问题19

A、level

B、love

C、knowledge

D、space

问题20

A、design

B、routine

C、diet

D、prescription

4、In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.    This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.    The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.    Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.    Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.    Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

1、Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ____.2、According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ____.3、The word “indictment” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ____.4、Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? ____.5、What is the subject of the text?

问题1

A、lack of imagination.

B、poor bargaining skill.

C、obsession with high fashion.

D、insensitivity to fashion.

问题2

A、combat unnecessary waste.

B、shop for their garments more frequently.

C、resist the influence of advertisements.

D、shut out the feverish fashion world.

问题3

A、enthusiasm.

B、accusation.

C、indifference.

D、tolerance.

问题4

A、Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.

B、The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

C、[People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

D、Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

问题5

A、Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.

B、Challenge to a high-fashion myth.

C、Exposure of a mass-market secret.

D、Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.

5、The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot      1      its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law       2        justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that       3        the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.    Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be       4        as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not       5        by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself       6        to the code of conduct that       7        to the rest of the federal judiciary.    This and other similar cases       8        the question of whether there is still a       9        between the court and politics.    The framers of the Constitution envisioned law       10        having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions       11        they would be free to       12        those in power and have no need to       13        political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely       14        .    Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social       15        like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it       16       is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily       17        as unjust.    The justices must       18        doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves       19        to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,       20        , convincing as law.

问题1

A、emphasize

B、maintain

C、modify

D、recognize

问题2

A、when

B、lest

C、before

D、unless

问题3

A、restored

B、weakened

C、established

D、eliminated

问题4

A、challenged

B、compromised

C、suspected

D、accepted

问题5

A、advanced

B、caught

C、bound

D、founded

问题6

A、resistant

B、subject

C、immune

D、prone

问题7

A、resorts

B、sticks

C、loads

D、applies

问题8

A、evade

B、raise

C、deny

D、settle

问题9

A、line

B、barrier

C、similarity

D、conflict

问题10

A、by

B、as

C、though

D、towards

问题11

A、so

B、since

C、provided

D、though

问题12

A、serve

B、satisfy

C、upset

D、replace

问题13

A、confirm

B、express

C、cultivate

D、offer

问题14

A、guarded

B、followed

C、studied

D、tied

问题15

A、concepts

B、theories

C、divisions

D、conceptions

问题16

A、excludes

B、questions

C、shapes

D、controls

问题17

A、dismissed

B、released

C、ranked

D、distorted

问题18

A、suppress

B、exploit

C、address

D、ignore

问题19

A、accessible

B、amiable

C、agreeable

D、accountable

问题20

A、by all means

B、at all costs

C、in a word

D、as a result