自考英语二（下）课文翻译之unit8

自考英语二（下）课文翻译之unit8

Unit Eight

Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure

喷气飞机时差综合症的预防和治疗

The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time . But do you have to suffer? Understand what it is. and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, and your flights will be less stressful.

喷气飞机时差综合症是每个乘坐国际航班旅行的人在某个时候会碰到的问题。但你是否就这样忍受着?如果你能了解喷气飞机时差综合症是怎么回事以及注意饮食怎样把它的不良作用减少到最小，你坐飞机的紧张程度就会轻些。

The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due lo changes in the body's physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.

乘飞机旅行对身体的影响实际上远比我们意识到的更令人焦灼不安。时差综合症不是对不同时区进行调整的心理后果。它是身体的生理调节机制， 特别是激素系统，在不同环境中发生变化所引起的。

Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of Stale, when he flew to Egypt to conduct negotiations on the Aswan Dam. He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag.

是不是被弄糊涂啦?美国国务卿约翰. 福斯特.杜勒斯从美国飞往埃及谈判阿斯旺水坝问题时就被弄糊涂了。 他后来把自己在谈判中判断失误归咎于时差综合症。

The effects can be used to advantage, too. President Johnson once conducted an important meeting in Guam and kept the entire proceedings at Washington DC time. The White House working personnel were as fresh as paint, while the locals, in this case, were jet-lagged. Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported to America.

但是乘飞机旅行对身体的影响也可使之对人有利。约翰逊总统曾在关岛主持一次重要会议， 整个会议按华盛顿时间进行。 白宫的工作人员个个精力充沛， 而当地人在这种情况下却得了时差综合症。从本质上说，他们瞬间一下子被运到了美国。

Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it.A great number of the body's events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated,and there are two regulatory systems which interact.

既然我们懂得了喷气飞机时差综合症是怎么回事，我们就能够在解决它方而有所作为。我们身体的大量活动都按时在一天中的某个时间发生的。很自然它们需要调整。这时两个调节系统相互起作用。

One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour— yes, 25— rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the external cues tend to regularise the internal clocks to the more convenient 24 hour period.

一个定时系统根据我们的官能和饥饿感以及我们在某个特定时区所经受的周期性变化。 另一个定时系统在我们的体内时钟内 (其中一个主要时钟可能位于我们大脑的称为超交叉核的那部分中) 这些体内时钟在不受干扰时， 会使人体有一个 25 小时——是的， 25 小时——的生理节奏。正常情况下两个定时系统是同步的，外部的信号会将体内时钟调节到更方便的24 小时周期。

If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different,the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together,now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.

然而如果你把整个身体移到一个时差4 个小时的时区，两个时钟就不再同步，正像两个闹钟通常被一起定时， 但现在定时相差几个小时， 两个闹钟通常同时报时，但现在则不同时间报时。和时钟相似，人体可以定时在晚上，而这时太阳正在升起来。

In time the physiological system will reset itself,but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat.Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.

经过一段时间之后， 生理系统将会自我调整过来， 但这需要时间一个很容易监测到的节奏是手掌出汗。一个人飞往某个时差为10 小时的时区将需要 8 天的时间重新调节他的手掌出汗情况。 血压也是有节奏性的， 需要 4 天才能调整过来。

One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. The hormone cortisol, which controls salt and water excretion, is made in the morning, wherever the body is.But the growth hormone is released during sleep, whenever in the day that sleep occurs. Normally these two hormones are separated by seven or eight hours, but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning (local) and goes to sleep as soon as possible, the two hormones will be released simultaneously.

出现这种差异的一个原因是人体的不同活动受到不同因素的支配。激素皮质醇控制盐和水的排泄， 不管人体处于何地， 它都是在早晨形成的。 但生长激素在睡眠时才分泌， 而不论一天中什么时候睡觉。 这两种激素的分泌时间通常间隔七八个小时，但如果人体在(当地)清晨很早到达目的地并且尽快睡觉，这两种激素将会同时分泌。

What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut.It relies on two things — the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee.The basic assumptions are:Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night.Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral.Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness,while carbohydrates promote sleep.Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.

我们对此该怎么办呢?不可能等上4 天直到身体习惯新的时区。 幸好我们有个捷径。这靠两件东西——利用胃的力量调节其他活动发生的时间和利用咖啡的药理作用。基本的设想是：早晨喝咖啡可以延迟体内时钟， 晚上可以加快体内时钟， 下午三点左右喝咖啡对人体时钟不起作用。膳食中的蛋白质引起不眠， 而碳水化合物促人人睡。 空腹进食有助使体内时钟得到调整。

点击查看>>自考英语（二）课文翻译