现代语言学2016年10月真题试题（00830）

现代语言学2016年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

现代语言学2016年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830），本试卷总共100分。

一、单项选择题

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1. In distinguishing competence and performance, Chomsky looks at language from a ____ point of view, and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual.

A.sociological
B.psychological
C.historical
D.cultural

2.Of the following speech sounds, is represented in narrow transcription.

A.[i]
B.[i:]
C.

3. All the following morphemes can be definitely regarded as derivational morphemes EXCEPT________.

A.-ium
B.-ing
C.semi-
D.-ly

4. In the X-bar theory, the head of the phrase “quite above the desk” is .

A.quite
B.above
C.the
D.desk

5. If you say that there is no direct connection between a linguistic form and what it refers to, you hold a view of meaning study.

A.naming
B.conceptualist
C.contextual
D.behaviorist

6. The notion of________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.

A.context
B.utterance
C.conversational implicature
D.speech act

7. During the Renaissance movement, many of _______words became part of the educated English lexicon.

A.German
B.Latin and Greek
C.Italian
D.French

8. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its ________.

A.accent
B.morphemes
C.use of words
D.use of structure

9. The case of Phineas Gage shows us that___________.

A.human language ability is not located in the brain because Phineas’ brain was not so damaged that he could still speak
B.human language ability is located in the right hemisphere of the brain
C.if human language ability is located in the brain, it is situated right at the front
D.if human language ability is located in the brain, it is not situated right at the front

10. There are a number of factors pertaining to the learner that potentially influence the way in which a second language is acquired. Which of the following is NOT an individual learner factor? .

A.Instruction
B.Motivation
C.Personality
D.Age

二、单词填空

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )

11.A d ________study of language is a historical study, which studies the development of language over a period of time.

12.To describe the physical properties of speech sounds, a___ phoneticians use spectrographs to record the sound waves.

13. According to their position in the new words, a _______are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.

14.Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker known as linguistic c________?

15.According to the b____________ view of meaning study, the meaning of a linguistic form is the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.

16.According to Austin’s new model of speech act theory, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, i ______ act and pcrlocutionary act.

17.Sound a _______refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another.

18.Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard or v ______languages.

19.The c __________period hypothesis refers to a period in one"s life experience extending from about age two to puberty, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language and language learning can proceed easily, swiftly, and without explicit instruction.

110.Although they lack grammatical morphemes, t _______sentences in the multiword stage are not simply words that are randomly strung together, but follow the principles of sentence formation.

三、判断改错题

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. ( 2%×10=20% )

21.Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of any particular language such as English, Chinese and Latin.

22.Chinese is a typical tone language, which has four tones.

23.Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often the sum total of the meanings of its components.

24.Combinational rules are rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.

25.sense and reference are two important notions associated with lexical meaning.

26.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use should be taken into consideration.

27.The division of English language into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modem English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.

28.language itself is not sexist, but it reflects sexism in society as it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.

29.When we say that language provides a means for the expression or communication of thought, we mean that language is the only means of expressing thought.

210.Like overt teaching, imitation plays at best a very minor role in the child’s mastery of language.

四、名词解释

Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31.arbitrariness

32.suprasegmental features

33.morphology

34.finite clause

35.stylistic synonyms

36.constatives

37.cognate

38.language planning

39.interpersonal communication

310.language acquisition

五、问答题

Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )

41.Which enjoys priority in modern linguistics, speech or writing? Why?

42.What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle? And illustrate with one example how the violation of the maxim of quality gives rise to conversational implicature.