现代语言学2015年10月真题试题（00830）

现代语言学2015年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

现代语言学2015年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830），本试卷总共100分。

一、单项选择题

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1. A study of the features of the English language used in Charles Dickens’ time can be regarded as a ( ) study.

A.diachronic
B.prescriptive
C.synchronic
D.historical

2.Of the following consonants, ( ) is dental.

A.[t]
B.[p]
C.[∫]
D.[θ]

3. The inflectional morpheme in the word “deforestated” is ( ).

A.de-
B.forest
C.-ate
D.-ed

4. The syntactic rules of any language are ( ) in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.

A.finite
B.non-finite
C.infinite
D.definite

5. In English, words such as “knight” and “night” , “rain” and “rein” are typical examples of ( ).

A.homographs
B.hyponyms
C.homophones
D.antonyms

6. The following interpretations of the sentence “I am still young” are all typical instances of its pragmatic analysis EXCEPT “( )”.

A.I am supposed to do more work
B.“I” is a subject while “am still young” is its predicate
C.I have potentials to realize my dream
D.Please forgive my innocence

7. The word “edit” is created by means of ( ).

A.clipping
B.blending
C.acronomy
D.back-formation

8. A linguistic ( ) refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.

A.slang
B.euphemism
C.taboo
D.jargon

9. The neurobiologist Eric Lenneberg is a major proponent of the idea that ( ).

A.there is a distinction between acquisition and learning
B.there is an interrelationship between language and thinking
C.there is a critical period for language acquisition
D.language influences thinking

10. In general, children have virtually acquired the basic fabric of their native language at the age of______?

A.two
B.three
C.four
D.five

二、单词填空

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )

11.While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, the details of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but instead c____ transmitted.

12.The short vowels are all lax vowels and the long vowels are all t____ vowels.

13.The combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words are called c___________.

14.Such words as “that”, “if” and “until”, which function as introductory words in most embedded clauses, are called s_____________.

15. S___________ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form, which is abstract and independent from context.

16.“Do not say what you believe to be false” is required by the maxim of q____________ under the cooperative principle.

17. In the course of the historical development of English, a change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as e_____________.

18.A pidginized dialect may expand and has eventually become the native language of a certain population, which is then called a c______________.

19.Linguistic l________ is the brain’s neurological specialization for language.

110.According to the a____ view, the acquisition of a second language involves, and is dependent on, the acquisition of the culture of the target language community.

三、判断改错题

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. ( 2%×10=20% )

21.General linguistics deals with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.

22.The speech sound [k] can be described as voiced, velar, stop.

23.Morphemes that manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case are called derivational morphemes.

24.Generally speaking, major lexical categories are open categories and minor lexical categories are closed categories.

25.The sense relation between the word flower and the words rose, tulip and carnation is called homonymy.

26.Speech act theory aims to answer the question “What do we do when using language?”

27.In view of a language as a self-regulating semiotic system, internal borrowing well explains sound change for the purpose of minimizing memorization burdens and maximizing communicative efficiency.

28.In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same function in speech situations known as domains.

29.Most scholars accept the weaker version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and recognize that language determines the way human beings perceive the objective world.

210. Practical experience suggests that interference from the mother tongue is the only or major source of errors.

四、名词解释

Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31.displacement

32.phonetics

33.morphological rules

34.syntax

35.componential analysis

36.utterance meaning

37.historical linguistics

38.euphemism

39.cerebral cortex

310.fossilization

五、问答题

Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )

41.Illustrate the recursiveness of phrase structure rules with examples.

42.What is a lingua franca? Explain whether English is an international lingua franca.